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BIOL 246 Exam 3 > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

All of the following are parts of the inflammatory response EXCEPT:
a. swelling
b. diapedesis
c. antibody production
d. dilation of blood vessels
e. release of histamine

A

c

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2
Q

Antibodies are always a component of the innate immune response. True or false?

A

false

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3
Q

Opsonization is the process of enhancing inflammation. True or false?

A

False

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4
Q

Which of the following is the first step in Phagocytosis?
A. digestion
B. Formation of phagosome
C. adherence of phagocyte to pathogen
D. chemotaxis of phagocyte to the area
E. phagosome lysosome fusion

A

D

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5
Q

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Innate: non specific, adaptive: specific
innate: no memory, adaptive: memory

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6
Q

What are Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

A

Recognizes foreign part of microbe -> activates Toll like receptors (TLR’s) on defense cells

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7
Q

What is the most important physical barrier?

A

SKIN! but must be intact

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8
Q

What are the two physical barriers?

A

Skin
mucous membranes

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9
Q

What are the mechanical barriers?

A

Tears
Saliva
Mucus
Cilia
Mucus-coated hairs of nose
Urine (prevents UTIs, especially important for women)

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10
Q

Why is urine an important mechanical barrier to women specifically?

A

Women are more susceptible to UTIs

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11
Q

What are the chemical barriers?

A

Sebum
Perspiration
Lysozyme
Tears, saliva, perspiration, tissue fluids, nasal secretions
Gastric juice
Vaginal secretions

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12
Q

What is the importance of chemical barriers?

A

Delay a pathogen from entering the body

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13
Q

What is the importance of mucous membranes (physical)?

A

prevents drying; line the entry pathways of the body

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14
Q

What is the importance of normal flora?

A

Competitive exclusion + microbial antagonism -> Helps prevent overgrowth of pathogens -> Kills pathogens with bacteriocins

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15
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

Physical (skin, mucous membranes)
Mechanical
Chemical
Normal flora

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16
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

Phagocytosis
Inflammation
Fever
Antimicrobial substances

17
Q

What are the two granulocytes that are known for phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

18
Q

which granulocytes are macrophages from?

A

monocytes

19
Q

What is the importance of dendritic cells?

A

initiates adaptive response

20
Q

What are basophils known for?

A

Inflammation and allergies -> from histamine

21
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes and what do they do?

A

B cells: produce antibodies
T cells: involved in cell mediated immunity

22
Q

What are natural killer cells?

A

kills infected/tumor cells, recognizes abnormal proteins on surface

23
Q

What is the process of phagocytosis?

A
  1. chemotaxis
  2. adherence to pathogen
  3. formation of phagosome
  4. forming phagolysosome
  5. digestion of microbe
  6. waste products released
24
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

chemical attraction of pathogen to the area

25
Q

Which granulocytes assist with phagocytosis FIRST?

A

neutrophils

26
Q

What is the importance of opsonins?

A

anchors the bacteria by covering it with this protein -> adherence

27
Q

Which protein on microbes’ capsules prevents attachment to phagocytes?

A

M protein

28
Q

Why does a phagosome join with a lysosome?

A

because lysosomes are organelles with digestive enzymes

29
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Process that recognizes foreign substances, destroy + remove them, and allow tissue to rebuild itself

30
Q

What are the four signs of inflammation?

A

Redness
Heat
Pain
Swelling

31
Q

What is the process of inflammation?

A
  1. INFLAMMATORY CHEMICALS immediately activated as soon as cut occurs
  2. chemotaxis
  3. Phagocytes in the blood stick to endothelium
  4. Diapedesis -> form phagocytosis
  5. tissue repair
32
Q

What are fevers caused by?

A

pyrogens

33
Q

What are the effects of fevers?

A

T lymphocytes are activated
Intensifies effect of interferons (IFNs)
May increase tissue repair

34
Q

What are interferons?

A

antiviral chemicals - ONLY against viruses; interferes with viral replication by telling other cells about virus via AVPs

35
Q

What are the three consequences of activation of complement proteins?

A
  1. cytolysis
  2. inflammation (Vasodilation)
  3. Opsonization -> enhancing phagocytosis
36
Q

What is the protein in the complement pathway that acts as an opsonin?

A

C3B

37
Q

What is cascade activation?

A

once protein is activated -> next protein activated -> so on

38
Q

What are complement proteins?

A

Floats + inactive proteins -> activated by presence of foreign cell

BIOL 246 Exam 3 (10 decks)

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