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Virology > Viral Diseases of Ruminants I (12) > Flashcards

Viral Diseases of Ruminants I (12) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most costly disease in the beef industry?

A

bovine respiratory disease complex

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2
Q

What is the most significant (+++) bovine disease?

A

bovine virus diarrhea (BVD)

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3
Q

What are the poxviruses for bovine?

A

cowpox (foreign animal disease)
pseudocowpox
bovine papular stomatitis
lumpy skin disease

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4
Q

What are characteristics of poxviruses in bovine?

A

resistant to environment
lesions proliferative and some tumor like
some long-lasting and some not
diagnosis by clinical appearance confirmed by electron microscopy or virus isolation
transmission by contact and mechanically by arthropods
several viruses zoonotic

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5
Q

What is pseudocowpox?

A

mild often recurrent disease in dairy cattle
often associated with poor hygiene
secondary bacterial mastitis occurs
causes bovine papular stomatitis and milker’s nodules

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6
Q

What lesion is noted for pseudocowpox?

A

pathognomonic ring lesion
proliferative nature of lesion

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7
Q

What is the human infection from pseudocowpox?

A

milker’s nodule

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8
Q

What is bovine papular stomatitis?

A

common incidental infection in beef cattle
suckling calves or up to 1 year of age
no treatment necessary

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9
Q

How do you diagnose bovine papular stomatitis?

A

negative contrast electron microscopy

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10
Q

What are examples of diseases in cattle caused by herpes viruses?

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
malignant catarrhal fever
dermopathic bovine herpesvirus infection
pseudorabies

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11
Q

What are other characteristics for bovine herpesvirus?

A

unstable in environment
wide range of clinical presentations
latent infections
diagnosis confirmed by virus isolation and PCR
transmission by direct contact and droplet/aerosol
some viruses are zoonotic or jump species

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12
Q

Infectious bovine rhinotracehitis
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis
Infectious Pustular Balanoposthitis
Abortion
Generalized (systemic) disease in newborn calves
? Encephalitis
are all caused by _____

A

bovine herpes virus 1
each can present as a separate disease

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13
Q

What is characteristic of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A

pustular character of lesions

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14
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis has what symptoms?

A

excessive salivation
pneumonia

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15
Q

What are the general infections with BHV1?

A

conjunctivitis
corneal keratitis and ulceration
possible association with “cancer eye”

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16
Q

What is characteristic of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and infectious balanoposthitis?

A

does NOT lead to abortion
lesions on genitalia

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17
Q

How does a calf acquire BHV1?

A

shortly after birth may lead to a systemic infection and death with microscopic lesions throughout the body in addition to respiratory signs

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18
Q

BHV1 abortion follows from ______

A

a respiratory infection
not a distinct virus from that causing IBR

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19
Q

The ____ is the best source of virus for diagnosis for BHV1 abortion

A

liver

20
Q

______ vaccines for IBR can be used as abortants in feedlots

A

Live
attenuated vaccines often have increase virulence for the fetus

21
Q

What is the epidemiology/diagnosis of BHV1?

A

spreads by aerosol in feedlots
coitus for IPV/IPB
relatively fragile virus
latent
easily reactivated with corticosteroids
easy virus to isolate in cell culture and characterize

22
Q

How do you control and prevent BHV1?

A

wide range of vaccines - many be attenuated
gene-deleted vaccines in Europe
use of vaccines dictated by husbandry systems

23
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever is caused by ____

A

cell-associated herpes virus
N America with sheep and bison - virus not isolated

24
Q

What are diagnostic indicators of Malignant catarrhal fever ?

A

in afrikans “snotsiekte”
bilateral corneal opacity
100% mortality but morbidity in herd in low
identified by PCR

25
Q

How is MCF acquired?

A

wildebeest at calving or young sheep when stressed
- example of resource partitioning

26
Q

Dermopathic bovine herpesvirus infection is an example of _____

A

BHV2 - pseudo-lumpy skin

27
Q

Bovine herpes virus 2 is transmitted how?

A

by flies mechanically
important in differentiation of lumpy skin disease
note umbilicate skin lesion

28
Q

BHV2 is commonly seen in what season? Where does it break out into?

A

commonly seen in the fall
explosive outbreak of teat lesions without generalized skin lesions
lesion is ulcerative
springing heifers more severely affected

29
Q

Pseudocowpox is [ulcerative/proliferative]. BHV-2 mammillitis is [ulcerative/proliferative]

A

proliferative
ulcerative

30
Q

How do you diagnose BHV2?

A

virus isolation in cell culture of electron microscopy
serology of little use
vesicles should alert you to foot-and-mouth disease

31
Q

What is pseudorabies?

A

mad itch
clinical presentation similar to rabies
acquired through contact with pigs
no virus excretion at site of self mutilation - hence no transmission
virus can be isolated from brain

32
Q

Papovarviruses bovine papillomatosis is characterized by what

A

warts
can be grown in cell culture
several genotypes associated with different clinical appearances
spread by fomites

33
Q

What are other characteristics of papilloma viruses?

A

viruses is resistant to environment
lesions proliferative and some “tumor-like”
no serum antibody response
chronic infections and do not induce long-lasting cellular immunity
diagnosis by clinical appearance confirmed by electron microscopy or PCR
virus very difficult to isolate in cell culture
transmission by contact and fomites

34
Q

What is rotavirus diarrhea?

A

rotaviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in young animals

35
Q

How is rotavirus transmitted?

A

transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route

36
Q

What are properties of the paramyxoviruses?

A

unstable in environment
respiratory and systemic clinical presentations
diagnosis by clinical presentation confirmed by ELISA, PCR, or virus isolation
transmission by direct contact and droplet

37
Q

What are clinical signs of bovine respiratory syncytial virus disease (BRSV)?

A

range from mild infection to severe bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia

38
Q

BRSV is [common/uncommon] in the Untied States

A

common
38-76%

39
Q

What do you do for treatment/prevention of BRSV?

A

attenuated vaccines available

40
Q

What virus is considered to be an important virus pathogen in the etiology of “shipping fever” - also known as bovine respiratory disease complex?

A

parainfluenza 3

41
Q

______ vaccines against shipping fever routinely include the virus (parainfluenza 3)

A

Multivalent

42
Q

What are diseases caused by rhabdoviruses?

A

rabies
vesicular stomatitis (sore mouth of cattle and horses)
bovine ephemeral fever - does not occur in USA

43
Q

What are signs of rabies in cattle?

A

frequent bellowing
often present as if they have a foreign body in throat
signs may be subtle; knuckling over or tail head carried high

44
Q

T/F: There is a rabies vaccine for cattle
If so, what kind?

A

TRUE - inactivated

45
Q

Which disease can be confused as foot and mouth disease?

A

vesicular stomatitis

46
Q

What is vesicular stomatitis?

A

rhabdovirus
affects cattle, horses, and pigs

Virology (16 decks)

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