Viral Diseases of Cats II (11) Flashcards
Feline immunodeficiency virus is a type of _____
retrovirus
What has a high prevalence of opportunistic infections and degenerative conditions? Who discovered this?
FIV
Neils Pederson
Who patented the FIV genome?
Neils Pederson
Idexx required rights to develop commercially-available testing in 1987
What are primary clinical syndromes associated with FIV?
lymph node enlargement or reduction in size
blood - anemia, neutropenia, etc
pyrexia
diarrhea
What has the greatest percentage of clinical syndromes associated with FIV immunosuprresion?
weight loss
What is stomatitis?
inflammation of the oral mucosa
most common clinical disease in FIV
also occurs with FeLV
late-stage event
lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammation
herpesvirus and calcivirus commonly isolated
Compare pathogenesis of FIV with FeLV (early stages)
similar clinical signs
Compared pathogenesis of FIV with FeLV (late stages)
Approximately 80% of FIV+ cats are _______
adult male toms (fighting)
Queen to kitten transmission of FIV is [common/rare]
rare
The FIV SNAP test tests for [antigen/antibody]. FeLV tests for [antigen/antibody]
antibody
antigen
Clients should be informed that vaccinated cats for FIV will have ______
false positive FIV antibody test results
T/F: FIV vaccinations were removed from the market because it does not follow the DIVA principle
TRUE
[FeLV/FIV] causes more deaths?
FeLV
47% at 3 years
29% at 6 years
What are the 3 strains of FIV?
lion
puma
domestic cat
T/F: FIV is contained in the United States
FALSE - it has worldwide distribution
What did the phylogenetic analysis of FIV demonstrate?
that most species for which FIV is endemic harbor monophyletic, genetically distinct species-specific FIV strains
suggests that FIV transfer between felidae species has occurred in the past but is quite infrequent today
[FeLV/FIV] is more pathogenic
FeLV
[FeLV/FIV] can cause tumors, bone marrow suppression, and lead to secondary infectious disease
FeLV
[FeLV/FIV] is more pathogenic
FeLV
[FeLV/FIV] is less commonly diagnosed than in previous 20 years
FeLV
[FeLV/FIV] can cause an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that increases the risk of opportunistic infections, neurological diseases, and tumors
FIV
In most naturally infected cats, [FeLV/FIV] itself does not cause severe clinical signs. They can live up to many years with no health problems
FIV
How are cats infected with rhabdoviruses?
can be infected with rabies by contact with raccoons or bats
What happens with rabies in cats?
loss of appetite, anxiety
infection of the limbic system (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
restlessness, wandering
hypersensitivity to stimulus
most commonly presented as “dumb rabies”
What kinds of vaccines are rabies vaccines?
inactivated and recombinant (canarypox) vaccines
When do you vaccinate for rabies for cats?
3 months
Preliminary work of influenza in cats shows the genetic signature of the virus shows it to be identical to the _____ virus that infects dogs
H3N2
Coronaviruses in cats are the combination of which viruses?
feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV)
feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)
commonly referred to both FIP virus
What are characteristics of coronavirus and toroviruses in cats?
unstable in environment
wide range of clinical presentations
many serotypes
diagnosis by immunofluorescence or PCR
transmission by aerosol, direct contact, fomites, and common vehicle
How is the feline enteric coronavirus transmitted?
oronasal transmission
replication in enterocytes
highly infectious
T/F: FCoV is always a clinical concern
FALSE
What is feline infectious peritonitis?
systemic and often fatal disease
proposed to be the result of mutations in the spike protein of the enteric coronavirus during natural infections
mutations allowed the virus to change tropism from enterocytes to macrophages
What are the 2 serotypes of FIP?
type I: most common, but difficult to grow in cell culture, host receptor cell not identified
type II: relatively rare and represent recombination of both canine and feline genomes; grows well in cell culture and utilized the amino-peptidase-N (APN) receptor
FIP disease is a disease with extremely ______ clinical manifestations
diverse
What is the “wet form” of FIP?
the most characteristic sign: considerable amount of effusion into the thorax and abdomen felt as fluid wave
pyogranuloma and fibrinous plaques on the serial surfaces of abdominal organs
dyspnea, mild pyrexia, and muffled heart sounds common
also uveitis, keratic precipitation, changes in coloration of iris
What is the “dry” non-effusive form of FIP?
lesions occur in eyes and CNS, but granulomas may also be found in the peritoneal cavity, leading to more diverse and often more vague clinical signs
What is the immune response to FIP?
causes disease
immune complexes, complement activation
vasculitis
TNF-alpha, IL1beta, IL-6
serum exudation - “wet” form
granulomas - “dry” form
So is FIP virus different?
nature of mutation not defined
no reliable technique for differentiating between non-virulent and virulent strains
FIP as a disease generally does not spread cat to cat
What is the current theory for FIP pathogenesis?
What diagnostic tool do you use to recognize FIP?
PCR
FIP virus RealPCR Test - best
How do you treat FCoV?
no treatment for healthy seropositive cats
supportive treatment for coronaviral enteritis
palliative treatment of FIP
Is FIP vaccine a AAFP core vaccine?
NO
