Viral Diseases of Cats (10) Flashcards
What are properties of poxvirus?
virus resistant to environment
lesions proliferative and some “tumor like”
some induce long-lasting immunity
transmission by contact and mechanically by arthropods
several viruses zoonotic
Felid herpesvirus 1 is called
feline viral rhinotracheitis
What is erroneously called feline cold or influenza?
feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex
What are the agents (diseases) involved in feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex?
herpes
calcivirus
chylamydia trachomatis
What is the presentation of feline viral rhinotracheitis?
rhinitis and pharyngitis most common in 8-14 week range
conjunctivitis and dendritic corneal ulcers may develop
How is FVR transmitted?
oral/nasal transmission
What are characteristics of caliciviruses?
virus is resistant to environment and many disinfectants
affects many species (norovirus)
viruses heterogeneous
chronic infections occur in cats
diagnosis by PCR
How is caliciviruses transmitted?
contact
fomites
What is the means of infection for calciviruses - respiratory type?
aerosol/oral
What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - respiratory type?
mucosal cells
What predominates in calciviruses - respiratory type?
tongue, gingiva, and hard palate ulcers
Who does calciviruses - lymphoreticular type infect?
kittens 4-10 weeks of age
cause limping, stiffness, soreness, and fever
What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - lymphoreticular type?
splenic reticuloendothelial tissue and synovial tissue
How does caliciviruses - virulent systemic spread? What does it cause?
rapidly by fomites
submandibular and limb edema —> spread to haired skin and footpads causing alopecia and ulcerative dermatitis
systemic disease and 60% of adults die
How do you diagnose feline respiratory-conjunctival disease?
fluorescein-staining of cornea to identify ulcerations
take conjunctival/corneal swabs - transfer cells to a microscope slide for special Ag detection
viral isolation in cell culture
PCR
T/F: There are vaccines for feline respiratory disease
TRUE - cats vaccinated have less severity of disease if infected
[Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only] is a characteristic of herpes, and calici for [Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only]
herpes: conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, oral ulcers
calici: oral ulcers only or pneumonia
_____ contract pseudorabies
Panthers
What are some properties of parvoviruses for cats?
very resistant to environments
replicates only in dividing cells
can cause abortion or fetal abnormalities
What is the clinical presentation for feline panleukopenia?
lethargy, anorexia, vomiting of yellow fluid
high fever
severe dehydration
diarrhea (yellowish)
rarely seen as vaccination is very effective
Kittens can develop ______ after parvovirus
cerebellar hypoplasia
How do you diagnose FPL?
point of care test kits (IDEXX, Age, Synbiotics)
What kind of vaccination is parvoviruses for cats? (FPL)
modified live
What are properties of retroviruses?
virus unstable in environment
chronic disease - immuno compromise
persistent infection
diagnosis by ELISA or PCR and/or serology
transmission by direct contact or iatrogenic
What is the most common cause of cancer in cats (lymphoma)?
FeLv
In FeLV, the early stages of infection may have _____ _____ of disease at all
no signs
What are signs of FeLV?
loss of appetite
weight loss
poor coat
enlarged lymph nodes
in unspayed female cats, abortion of kittens
etc
FeLV is a [systemic/localized] infection
systemic - spreads by viremia
After the asymptomatic phase in FeLv in some cats, what are the 2 types of infections cats may get?
progressive infection - infection not contained, virus replicates in lymph nodes and bone marrow, eventually develop FeLv-associated disease
regressive infection
T/F: You can diagnose FeLv by a SNAP test
TRUE
How is FeLV transmitted?
queen to kitten before or after birth (vertical)
cat to cat via close or prolonged contact (horizontal)
saliva - most efficient
urine
food bowls
grooming
fighting
iatrogenically by needles, instruments, transfusions
____ are relatively resistant to infection of FeLv
adults
strong age-related protection
In the past few decades there has been a(n) [increased/decreased] prevalence of FeLV and [increased/decreased] lymphoma prevalence
decreased
decreased
What forms the cornerstone of preventing spread of FeLV?
identification and segregation of infected cats (though vaccines were available for both viruses)
FeLV vaccine is recommended for:
all kittens
cats that go outdoors
cats that have direct contact with cats of unknown status
foster home situations
cats that live with FeLV-positive cats
Development and use of canarypox vectored recombinant vaccines [eliminates/reduces] vaccine-induced sarcomas and other vaccine pitfalls
reduces
