Viral Diseases of Cats (10) Flashcards by Abbie Chase

What are properties of poxvirus?

virus resistant to environment
lesions proliferative and some “tumor like”
some induce long-lasting immunity
transmission by contact and mechanically by arthropods
several viruses zoonotic

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Felid herpesvirus 1 is called

feline viral rhinotracheitis

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What is erroneously called feline cold or influenza?

feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex

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What are the agents (diseases) involved in feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex?

herpes
calcivirus
chylamydia trachomatis

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What is the presentation of feline viral rhinotracheitis?

rhinitis and pharyngitis most common in 8-14 week range
conjunctivitis and dendritic corneal ulcers may develop

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How is FVR transmitted?

oral/nasal transmission

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What are characteristics of caliciviruses?

virus is resistant to environment and many disinfectants
affects many species (norovirus)
viruses heterogeneous
chronic infections occur in cats
diagnosis by PCR

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How is caliciviruses transmitted?

contact
fomites

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What is the means of infection for calciviruses - respiratory type?

aerosol/oral

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What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - respiratory type?

mucosal cells

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What predominates in calciviruses - respiratory type?

tongue, gingiva, and hard palate ulcers

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Who does calciviruses - lymphoreticular type infect?

kittens 4-10 weeks of age
cause limping, stiffness, soreness, and fever

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What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - lymphoreticular type?

splenic reticuloendothelial tissue and synovial tissue

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How does caliciviruses - virulent systemic spread? What does it cause?

rapidly by fomites
submandibular and limb edema —> spread to haired skin and footpads causing alopecia and ulcerative dermatitis
systemic disease and 60% of adults die

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How do you diagnose feline respiratory-conjunctival disease?

fluorescein-staining of cornea to identify ulcerations
take conjunctival/corneal swabs - transfer cells to a microscope slide for special Ag detection
viral isolation in cell culture
PCR

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T/F: There are vaccines for feline respiratory disease

TRUE - cats vaccinated have less severity of disease if infected

[Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only] is a characteristic of herpes, and calici for [Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only]

herpes: conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, oral ulcers
calici: oral ulcers only or pneumonia

_____ contract pseudorabies

Panthers

What are some properties of parvoviruses for cats?

very resistant to environments
replicates only in dividing cells
can cause abortion or fetal abnormalities

What is the clinical presentation for feline panleukopenia?

lethargy, anorexia, vomiting of yellow fluid
high fever
severe dehydration
diarrhea (yellowish)
rarely seen as vaccination is very effective

Kittens can develop ______ after parvovirus

cerebellar hypoplasia

How do you diagnose FPL?

point of care test kits (IDEXX, Age, Synbiotics)

What kind of vaccination is parvoviruses for cats? (FPL)

modified live

What are properties of retroviruses?

virus unstable in environment
chronic disease - immuno compromise
persistent infection
diagnosis by ELISA or PCR and/or serology
transmission by direct contact or iatrogenic

What is the most common cause of cancer in cats (lymphoma)?

FeLv

In FeLV, the early stages of infection may have _____ _____ of disease at all

no signs

What are signs of FeLV?

loss of appetite weight loss poor coat enlarged lymph nodes in unspayed female cats, abortion of kittens etc

FeLV is a [systemic/localized] infection

systemic - spreads by viremia

After the asymptomatic phase in FeLv in some cats, what are the 2 types of infections cats may get?

progressive infection - infection not contained, virus replicates in lymph nodes and bone marrow, eventually develop FeLv-associated disease regressive infection

T/F: You can diagnose FeLv by a SNAP test

TRUE

How is FeLV transmitted?

queen to kitten before or after birth (vertical) cat to cat via close or prolonged contact (horizontal) saliva - **most efficient** urine food bowls grooming fighting iatrogenically by needles, instruments, transfusions

____ are relatively resistant to infection of FeLv

adults **strong age-related protection**

In the past few decades there has been a(n) [increased/decreased] prevalence of FeLV and [increased/decreased] lymphoma prevalence

decreased decreased

What forms the cornerstone of preventing spread of FeLV?

identification and segregation of infected cats (though vaccines were available for both viruses)

FeLV vaccine is recommended for:

all kittens cats that go outdoors cats that have direct contact with cats of unknown status foster home situations cats that live with FeLV-positive cats

Development and use of canarypox vectored recombinant vaccines [eliminates/reduces] vaccine-induced sarcomas and other vaccine pitfalls

reduces