Swine (16?) Flashcards
What are characteristics of the swine influenza virus?
has antigenic shift and drift
RNA virus, enveloped
What is the “swine flu”?
IAV
Type ___ influenza virus affects animals
A
For swine influenza, antigenic shift has gene recombination. It requires co-infection of a cell, and pigs are said to me a _______
mixing vessel (receptor based)
What are important antigens in swine influenza virus?
hemagglutinin
neuraminidase
nucleoprotein
What is the main antigen for vaccines?
hemagglutinin
What is the traditional strain of swine influenza in the US?
H1N1
How is swine influenza transmitted?
direct transmission via aerosols
airborne spread rapid onset in growing pigs
What are the two forms of swine influenza?
endemic
epidemic
When is swine flu most prominent?
late fall
Where is there viral replication in swine influenza?
upper airways
- trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
- respiratory epithelium
In swine influenza, immunity develops [rapidly/slowly]
rapidly
detectable antibody in 6-7 days
virus detection limited after antibody is produced
What are clinical signs of swine influenza?
cough, goose honk/barking
nasal/ocular discharge (sample timing)
T/F: Swine influenza causes abortion
TRUE
prostaglandin release from the lungs
What are some gross lesions of swine influenza?
lungs often apical or cardiac lobes
sharp demarcation non vs. affected tissue
enlarged bronchial lymph nodes
Coughing because of swine influenza is due to _____
degeneration and necrosis of respiratory epithelium
For swine influenza, what is common for strain matching?
sequencing
What are the serologies for Swine influenza virus?
ELISA
hemagglutination inhibition
What are the molecular techniques for swine influenza viruses?
PCR - virus detection, subtyping using several primers
sequencing - standard
What is the treatment for swine influenza virus?
antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
anti-inflammatories in water
How do you prevent swine influenza?
maintain good biosecurity
vaccination
maternal-derived antibody
What is the most important disease in pigs worldwide?
PRRS - constantly mutating
What are the characteristics of PRRS?
constantly mutating - “quasi species”
immunity induced by one strain does not protect against another strain
What is the pathogenesis of PRRS?
infects dendritic cells (macrophages) - primarily in respiratory tract
PAMS (pulmonary alveolar macrophages)
PIMS pulmonary intravascular macrophages
What is the transmission of PRRS?
oro-nasal spread - including semen
highly infectious - only takes a few viral particles to infect a pig
Which virus is shed in semen?
PRRS
During the gestation phase, what can PRRS affect?
weak born pigs
stillborn pigs
mummies
early embryonic death —> reduced litter size
return to estrus
abortion
What is the significance of boars regarding PRRS?
shed in semen
boars in studs monitored by PCR testing of blood swabs
What are the clinical outcomes of PRRS?
severe respiratory disease: interstitial pneumonia
After 8 weeks of age, is PRRS as effective?
NO - severity of infection diminishes greatly after 8 weeks of age unless co-infected with another agent like mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, influenza, porcine cicovirus type 2
What are the gross lesions of PRRS?
interstitial pneumonia: can visualize septa
enlarged lymph nodes - sub-iliacs are best to view
How do you test for PRRS in the laboratory?
