Viral Diseases of Poultry (17 & 18) Flashcards
What is the major integumentary poultry viral diseases?
fowl pox (family poxviridae) - DNA virus (doesn’t mutate easily)
Who gets fowl pox? What kind of transmission?
chickens & turkeys
horizontal transmission - mosquitos sometimes
How does one contract fowl pox?
scratch on skin - lesions
histopathology
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies aka Bollinger bodies
What are the types of fowl pox?
dry pox
wet pox
What is dry pox?
likes right on the skin and will move
commonly on turkeys - will lead a normal life usually
What is wet pox?
type of fowl pox that will move inside the oral cavity
not as manageable as dry pox
How do you prevent fowl pox?
vaccinate at wingweb
chickens: inner thigh vaccination
turkey: eliminate vectors
What is the major respiratory disease in poultry?
Newcastle disease - paramyxoviridae
What are the properties of paramyxoviruses?
enveloped, RNA (prone to mutation)
What is VVND?
an acute, fatal infection of birds of all ages with predominant haemorrhagic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, severe depression, and death prior to clinical manifestations.
caused by the most virulent strain of the Newcastle disease virus
reportable
What is NVND?
Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease
What are features of lentogenic and mesogenic (endemic) strains of Newcastle disease?
not reportable
2 colibacillosis
vaccinate via water or spray
How is Newcastle Disease zoonotic?
conjunctivitis, mild flu-like symptoms
New exposure typically results in [acute/convalescent] and old exposure to [acute/convalescent]
acute
convalescent
What is poultry influenza? Its properties?
orthomyxovirus HPAI - H5/H7
enveloped, RNA
reportable
What does influenza affect? Which serves as a reservoir?
chickens and turkeys
reservoir: waterfowl/shorebirds
T/F: There is a vaccine for influenza for birds
FALSE - is zoonotic and a pandemic concern
can’t because of import/export rules
Which 2 strains of influenza are we concerned about in the US regarding poultry?
H5
H7
What is avian infectious bronchitis? Its properties?
coronaviridae (coronavirus)
enveloped, RNA
How is infectious bronchitis transmitted? Prevention?
chickens - horizontal transmission
vaccination
What is avian infectious laryngotracheitis? Its properties?
herpesviridae
enveloped, DNA
has inclusions
How is infectious laryngotracheitis transmitted? Prevented?
chickens - horizontal transmission
reportable - regional movement and trade implications
vaccinate - CEO and TCO vaccines, eyedrop method
What are the gastrointestinal families in poultry?
neonatal enteritis
astroviridae, parvoviridae, reoviridae - rotavirus
What are the properties of gastroinestinal viruses?
non-enveloped, RNA
How are gastroinestinal viruses transmitted? How do you prevent/treat it?
fecal-oral route
chickens and turkeys - horizontal transmission
no vaccines, palliatively to prevent malabsorption syndrome
What is coronavirus enteritis of turkeys?
coronaviridae (coronavirus)
enveloped, RNA
How is coronavirus enteritis of turkeys transmitted? Prevented?
turkeys
horizontal transmission
T/F: There is not a vaccine for coronavirus enteritis of turkeys
TRUE
What is turkey viral hepatitis?
picornaviridae
non-enveloped, RNA
How is turkey viral hepatitis transmitted? Prevented?
turkeys - horizontal and vertical transmission
no vaccine
What is inclusion body hepatitis / hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome?
adenovirisae
non-enveloped, DNA
How is inclusion body hepatitis / hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome transmitted? Prevented?
chickens - horizontal and vertical transmission
requires concomitant immunosuppressive event
vaccinate breeders, do not use eggs from suspect breeder flocks
What are renal viruses in poultry?
neonatal enteritis
infectious bronchitis
What is the result of renal viral diseases?
renal failure —> visceral / articular gout (uric acid accumulation)
What is infectious mural disease?
immunological disease
birnaviridae (birnavirus) says it in the word
non-enveloped, RNA
How is infectious burial disease transmitted? Prevented?
chickens - horizontal transmitted
treat secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics, vaccinate breeders, may need to vaccinate young birds if strong field challenge
What is the hematological virus of birds?
lymphoid leukosis retroviridae avian leukosis virus - ALV-A, B, C, D, E, J
enveloped, RNA
How is lymphoid leukosis transmitted? Prevented?
chickens - horizontal and vertical transmission
no vaccine, depopulate infected breeders
type virus for leukosis / sarcoma group of oncoviruses
What is Marek’s Disease?
herpesviridae
enveloped, DNA
How is Merek’s disease transmitted? Prevented?
chickens, horizontal transmission
tumors in T lymphocytes
vaccination in ovo or 1 day-of-age
What is Egg Drop Syndrome?
adenoviridae
non-enveloped, DNA
How is Egg Drop Syndrome transmitted? Prevented?
chickens - horizontal & vertical transmission
vaccinate layer pullets (killed vaccine)
infectious bronchitis - wrinkled eggs / production drop
What is reoviral arthritis / tenosynovitis?
reoviridae
non-enveloped, RNA
How is reovirus arthritis / tenosynovitis transmitted? Prevented?
chickens and turkeys horizontal
suspected vertical transmission, recovered carriers
vaccinate breeders
What is osteoporosis (boot shanks)?
retroviridae (retrovirus, leucosis/sarcoma group)
enveloped, RNA
How is osteoporosis (boot shanks) transmitted? Prevented?
chickens, adults - horizontal and vertical transmission
no vaccine, eliminate breeders due to vertical transmission
What is Avian Encephalomyelitis (AE, Buzzing Chick Disease)?
picornaviridae
enveloped, RNA
How is avian encephalomyelitis transmitted? Prevented?
chickens and turkeys - adults aclinical,
horizontal and vertical transmission
affects cerebellum and has ataxia
vaccinate breeders
What is equine encephalitis?
togaviridae
enveloped, RNA
How is equine encephalitis transmitted? Prevented?
birds including chickens and turkeys serve as reservoir
arthropod-borne (mosquito)
vector control
