Viral Diseases of Dogs II (9) Flashcards
What are properties of the paramyxoviruses?
virus unstable in environment
respiratory and systemic clinical presentations
transmission by contact and droplet
Is distemper limited to just dogs?
no - ferrets, skunks, raccoons, etc
Canine distemper is [fatal/curable]
fatal - and is multi systemic
CDV is related to ____ and ____ (diseases)
rinderpest
measles
_____ is the most common cause of seizures in dogs less than 6 months of age
Canine distemper
What is the most predominant effect of Canine distemper?
immunosuppression
followed by secondary signs
How is Canine distemper spread?
mainly by direct contact between a susceptible dog and infected dog showing symptoms
transmission via aerosols or droplets of infected secretions
CDV initially infects which part of the body?
respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages
then spreads to mononuclear cells of the brachial lymph nodes and tonsils
Clinical signs of Canine distemper is [present/absent] during the first week after exposure
absent - during this time, carried by viremia through lymph structures
How many weeks does canine distemper take to infect local lymphoid tissue? Systemic? Respiratory tract? Death?
1 week
1-2 weeks
2-3 weeks
2-12 weeks
What are the clinical signs of CDV?
fever
conjunctivities
nasal discharge
bronchitis
gastroenteritis
gum smacking (seizures)
chorea
incoordination
myoclonus
Remember what is in the Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)
How do you diagnose CDV?
signs of distemper can be extremely variable depending upon the stage of the disease
- fever one of the first signs
PCR
antibody titers and check for IgM
Post-mortem
How do you treat CDV?
What are the long-term problems of CDV?
seizures
tear deficiency
changes in footpads
damage to retina
enamel deposition
What kind of vaccine is the distemper vaccine?
modified live
In 2004, the subtype for [equine] influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______, and in 2015, the subtype for influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______,
H3N8
H3N2
What are properties of influenza virus?
unstable in environment
predominately cause respiratory disease
exhibits antigenic shift and drift
How is influenza virus transmitted?
direct contact
fomites
droplet infection
What does H and N stand for regarding influenza virus? Where are they on the virus? They all present as ______
H: hemagglutinin
N: neuraminidase
proteins on the surface of the virus and induce antibody responses
all present as enteric infections
What are clinical signs of canine influenza H3N8?
in greyhounds can be an acute disease associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia and death
other breeds: fever, nasal discharge, cough
What is the transmission of H3N8?
transmission is by contact, short distance aerosols, fomites - just like all influenza viruses
How do you diagnose canine influenza?
identify CIV in acutely infected animal or antibodies later
PCR
antibody testing: acute and convalescent serum sample
What are the 3 tropisms of rhabdoviruses?
neurological - genus lyssavirus
epithelial - genus vesiculovirus
fever - genus ephemerovirus
What are characteristics of rhabdoviruses?
unstable in environment
wide range clinical presentations
many serotypes
diagnosis by clinical presentation or PCR
transmission by direct contact, droplet, rabies and mechanically/biologically by arthropods
T/F: There are rabies variants in the USA
true - a raccoon could transmit raccoon variant to you
T/F: Dogs get rabies more often than cats
FALSE
What are clinical signs of rabies?
loss of appetite, anxiety, insomnia
infection of the limbic system (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
restlessness, wandering
hydrophobia
muscular spasms
blood in vomit, inability to swallow saliva
hyper sexuality
“Think _____ first!”
rabies
What is the pathogenesis of early infection for rabies?
bites
mucosal exposure
other (corneal transplants in humans)
lead to infection
replication at site of exposure
What is the pathogenesis of rabies spread to the brain?
infection of neurons –>
centripetal spread to neurons in dorsal root ganglion or spinal cord, spread to brain —> centrifugal spread to salivary glands skin
clinical signs - furious via limbic system and dumb via neocortex —> death
What is prodromal shedding for rabies?
virus shedding possibly 2-3 days before clinical disease develops
T/F: Canine influenza vaccine is a core vaccine
FALSE
