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Small Animal Medicine > Viral Diseases of Dogs > Flashcards

Viral Diseases of Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of virus is canine distemper virus?

A
  • Morbillivirus

- RNA virus

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2
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper virus

A
  • spread through water droplets, to upper resp tract epithelium, multiplies in macrophages, spreads to lymphatics
  • virus multiplies in lymphoid follicles
  • spreads to epithelial tissue and CNS
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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?

A
  • listlessness, decreased appetite, fever, and upper resp infection
  • bilateral oculonasal discharge
  • keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  • diarrhea
  • skin: vesicles, pustules, hyperkeratosis
  • resp: tachypnea, pneumonia, coughing
  • CNS: meningeal inflammation, seizures, ataxia, myoclonus
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4
Q

How is canine distemper diagnosed?

A
  • peripheral blood smear
  • interstitial lung pattern
  • CSF tap (antibody)
  • serology, immunocytology
  • PCR
  • serum antibody testing
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5
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of canine adenovirus type 1

A
  • oronasal exposure, multiplication in tonsils, to regional lymph nodes, to lymphatics, then to blood
  • viremia for 4-8 days post infection
  • prime targets are hepatic cells, vascular endothelium, and CNS
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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine adenovirus type 1?

A
  • most become moribound and die within a few hours
  • pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea and coughing
  • tonsil enlargement and lymphadenopathy
  • hemorrhage and icterus
  • corneal edema and anterior uveitis in persistent stage or after recovery
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7
Q

How is canine adenovirus type 1 diagnosed?

A
  • CBC: leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia
  • biochem: hyperglobulinemia, increased ALT, AST, and ALP, coag abnormalities
  • UA: proteinuria
  • yellow to hemorrhagic fluid in abdomen
  • serology, CSF
  • swollen liver and ecchymotic hemorrhages
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8
Q

How is canine adenovirus type 1 treated?

A
  • antibiotics
  • osmotic laxative
  • give animal protein and glucose
  • vaccination
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9
Q

What kind of virus is canine parvovirus?

A

non-enveloped DNA virus

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10
Q

Where does canine parvovirus replicate?

A

rapidly dividing cells

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine parvovirus?

A
  • vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
  • severe leukopenia
  • myocarditis is rare
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12
Q

How is canine parvovirus diagnosed?

A
  • leukopenia
  • fecal ELISA antigen test
  • fecal PCR
  • EM of feces
  • serology
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13
Q

How is canine parvovirus treated?

A
  • restore fluids and electrolytes
  • antiemetic agents
  • small amounts of food frequently
  • antimicrobials
  • gastric protectants
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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine coronavirus?

A
  • enteric: diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, feces orange and malodorous
  • pantropic: lethargy, anorexia, hemorrhagic diarrhea, leukopenia, neuro signs, respiratory difficulty
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15
Q

How is coronavirus diagnosed?

A
  • EM of fresh feces
  • fecal PCR
  • serum VN and ELISA for antibodies
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16
Q

Who is predisposed to canine rotavirus?

A

puppies younger than 12 weeks

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine rotatvirus?

A

mild diarrhea

18
Q

How is canine rotavirus diagnosed?

A

fecal ELISA for antigen

19
Q

How is canine herpesvirus transmitted?

A
  • puppies infected in utero, during birth, contact with litter mates, and from oronasal secretions from dam or fomites
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of canine herpesvirus infection?

A

neonates: acute death
- dull, weight loss, depression, soft stool
- rhinitis
- petechial hemorrhage on mucus membranes
older animals: mild upper resp infection
- genital infections
- vesicle lesions

21
Q

How is canine herpesvirus diagnosed?

A
  • viral isolation
  • serology
  • PCR
22
Q

What kind of virus is rabies?

A
  • Lyssavirus
  • enveloped RNA virus
  • bullet-shaped
23
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of rabies

A
  • virus enters peripheral nerve and ascends to the CNS
  • cell necrosis occurs, affects forebrain, brainstem, and spinal cord
  • severe damage to motor neurons resulting in ascending flaccid paralysis
  • virus then spreads to salivary glands
24
Q

What are the clinical signs of the prodromal phase of rabies?

A

apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of the furious/psychotic phase of rabies?

A
  • increase response, biting at objects, photophobic, hyperesthetic
  • restlessness and roaming
26
Q

What are the clinical signs of the paralytic/dumb phase of rabies?

A
  • cranial nerve paralysis, hypersalivation, inability to swallow
  • paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death
27
Q

How is rabies diagnosed?

A
  • detection of virus in dermal tissues (FA testing and saliva)
  • serology
  • pathology
  • PCR
28
Q

What kind of virus is pseudorabies?

A
  • porcine herpesvirus 1

- DNA virus

29
Q

How is pseudorabies spread?

A

contaminated pork products

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies?

A
  • change in behavior, lethargy, inactivity to aggression, restlessness
  • dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting
  • shaking of head
  • self-mutilation
  • neuro: paresis, head tilt, difficulty swallowing, trismus, paralysis of facial muscles
  • aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions
31
Q

How is pseudorabies diagnosed?

A
  • CSF: increased proteins
  • FA testing for antigen
  • PCR

Small Animal Medicine (16 decks)

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