Viral Diseases of Dogs Flashcards
What kind of virus is canine distemper virus?
- Morbillivirus
- RNA virus
Describe the pathogenesis of canine distemper virus
- spread through water droplets, to upper resp tract epithelium, multiplies in macrophages, spreads to lymphatics
- virus multiplies in lymphoid follicles
- spreads to epithelial tissue and CNS
What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?
- listlessness, decreased appetite, fever, and upper resp infection
- bilateral oculonasal discharge
- keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- diarrhea
- skin: vesicles, pustules, hyperkeratosis
- resp: tachypnea, pneumonia, coughing
- CNS: meningeal inflammation, seizures, ataxia, myoclonus
How is canine distemper diagnosed?
- peripheral blood smear
- interstitial lung pattern
- CSF tap (antibody)
- serology, immunocytology
- PCR
- serum antibody testing
Describe the pathogenesis of canine adenovirus type 1
- oronasal exposure, multiplication in tonsils, to regional lymph nodes, to lymphatics, then to blood
- viremia for 4-8 days post infection
- prime targets are hepatic cells, vascular endothelium, and CNS
What are the clinical signs of canine adenovirus type 1?
- most become moribound and die within a few hours
- pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea and coughing
- tonsil enlargement and lymphadenopathy
- hemorrhage and icterus
- corneal edema and anterior uveitis in persistent stage or after recovery
How is canine adenovirus type 1 diagnosed?
- CBC: leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia
- biochem: hyperglobulinemia, increased ALT, AST, and ALP, coag abnormalities
- UA: proteinuria
- yellow to hemorrhagic fluid in abdomen
- serology, CSF
- swollen liver and ecchymotic hemorrhages
How is canine adenovirus type 1 treated?
- antibiotics
- osmotic laxative
- give animal protein and glucose
- vaccination
What kind of virus is canine parvovirus?
non-enveloped DNA virus
Where does canine parvovirus replicate?
rapidly dividing cells
What are the clinical signs of canine parvovirus?
- vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
- severe leukopenia
- myocarditis is rare
How is canine parvovirus diagnosed?
- leukopenia
- fecal ELISA antigen test
- fecal PCR
- EM of feces
- serology
How is canine parvovirus treated?
- restore fluids and electrolytes
- antiemetic agents
- small amounts of food frequently
- antimicrobials
- gastric protectants
What are the clinical signs of canine coronavirus?
- enteric: diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, feces orange and malodorous
- pantropic: lethargy, anorexia, hemorrhagic diarrhea, leukopenia, neuro signs, respiratory difficulty
How is coronavirus diagnosed?
- EM of fresh feces
- fecal PCR
- serum VN and ELISA for antibodies
Who is predisposed to canine rotavirus?
puppies younger than 12 weeks
What are the clinical signs of canine rotatvirus?
mild diarrhea
How is canine rotavirus diagnosed?
fecal ELISA for antigen
How is canine herpesvirus transmitted?
- puppies infected in utero, during birth, contact with litter mates, and from oronasal secretions from dam or fomites
What are the clinical signs of canine herpesvirus infection?
neonates: acute death
- dull, weight loss, depression, soft stool
- rhinitis
- petechial hemorrhage on mucus membranes
older animals: mild upper resp infection
- genital infections
- vesicle lesions
How is canine herpesvirus diagnosed?
- viral isolation
- serology
- PCR
What kind of virus is rabies?
- Lyssavirus
- enveloped RNA virus
- bullet-shaped
Describe the pathogenesis of rabies
- virus enters peripheral nerve and ascends to the CNS
- cell necrosis occurs, affects forebrain, brainstem, and spinal cord
- severe damage to motor neurons resulting in ascending flaccid paralysis
- virus then spreads to salivary glands
What are the clinical signs of the prodromal phase of rabies?
apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever
What are the clinical signs of the furious/psychotic phase of rabies?
- increase response, biting at objects, photophobic, hyperesthetic
- restlessness and roaming
What are the clinical signs of the paralytic/dumb phase of rabies?
- cranial nerve paralysis, hypersalivation, inability to swallow
- paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death
How is rabies diagnosed?
- detection of virus in dermal tissues (FA testing and saliva)
- serology
- pathology
- PCR
What kind of virus is pseudorabies?
- porcine herpesvirus 1
- DNA virus
How is pseudorabies spread?
contaminated pork products
What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies?
- change in behavior, lethargy, inactivity to aggression, restlessness
- dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting
- shaking of head
- self-mutilation
- neuro: paresis, head tilt, difficulty swallowing, trismus, paralysis of facial muscles
- aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions
How is pseudorabies diagnosed?
- CSF: increased proteins
- FA testing for antigen
- PCR
