Viral Diseases of Cats Flashcards
What kind of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?
- single stranded DNA virus
Describe the pathogenesis of FPV
- requires rapidly dividing cells
- initially replicates in oropharynx
- viremia for 2-7 days
- lymphoid tissue necrosis, damages cells in intestinal crypts, immunosuppression
- in utero infections
- can replicate in neurons
What are the clinical signs of FPV?
peracute: death within 12 hours
- septic shock, dehydration, hypothermia, and coma
acute: most common
- fever, depression, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, petechiae and ecchymosis
How is FPV diagnosed?
- clinical signs and leukopenia
- serum VN
- fecal viral antigen: ELISA
- viral isolation
- PCR
How is FPV treated?
- supportive care
- fluids and food
- anti-emetics
- broad antibiotics
- IFN
What kind of virus is feline coronavirus?
- single stranded RNA virus
When does FIP result from coronavirus infection?
- immune mediated vasculitis
- coronavirus within monocytes adhere to blood vessel walls and eztravasate
Describe the pathogenesis of feline coronavirus
- virus shed in feces
- replicates in small intestine
- maintained in environment by chronic shedders
What type of immune response results in wet FIP?
Which results in dry FIP?
wet: absent cell-mediated and strong humoral
dry: intermediated cell-mediated
What are the initial clinical signs of feline coronavirus?
- diarrhea, upper resp signs
- multi-systemic inflammatory vasculitis: can be effusive or non-effusive
What are the clinical signs of effusive FIP?
- abdominal distension/ascites
- weight loss, dyspnea, tachypnea
- pale mucus membranes or icterus
- muffled heart sounds
What are the clinical signs of dry FIP?
- weight loss, dullness, depressed appetite
- icterus
- intraocular lesions
- dyspnea/tachypnea
- non-suppurative granulomatous meningitis
How is feline coronavirus diagnosed?
- gold standard: histopathology (vasculitis)
- effusion analysis: high protein, Rivalta test
- CBC: lymphopenia, anemia
- biochem, CSF, antibody titer
- alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
- RT-PCR
- antigen detection in tissues
What kind of virus is feline leukemia virus?
- retrovirus
- single stranded RNA virus with envelop
How is feline leukemia virus spread?
- close contact with virus shedding cats
- through saliva and blood
- fleas, fomites, etc.
- transplacentally and nursing
What is an abortive infection of feline leukemia virus?
the cat never gets the virus due to high levels of neutralizing antibodies in circulation
What is a regressive infection of feline leukemia virus?
- cat has an effective immune response
- virus clear in 3-6 weeks
- virus is incorporated into their genome
- reactivation during pregnancy
What is a progressive infection of feline leukemia virus?
- extensive replication of virus
- cats persistently viremic
- often die within 3 years
What are the clinical signs of feline leukemia virus?
- hematopoietic malignancy
- myelosuppression
- various co-infections
- anemia, lymphoma, leukopenia, leukemia
- fading kitten syndrome
- neuropathy
How is feline leukemia virus diagnosed?
- direct detection of virus: look for p27 antigen (ELISA, direct FA)
- nucleic acid detection
- antibody detection
How is feline leukemia virus treated?
- hematological: EPO, transfusions, G-CSF
- antiviral chemotherapy
- immunomodulatory therapy
- tumors: chemotherapy
What kind of virus is feline immunodeficiency virus?
- lentivirus
- RNA
How is FIV transmitted?
- through saliva or blood (bites/wounds)
- virus found in milk
- in utero rare
Describe the pathogenesis of FIV
- virus initially cleared by macrophages
- spreads to lymphocytes and macrophages in bone marrow, lungs, intestines, brain, and kidney
- antibody response mounted, virus levels decrease
- affects both CD4 and CD8 cells
What are the clinical signs of FIV?
- fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, enteritis, resp disease, stomatitis, dermatitis
- terminal phase: secondary infection, neurological change, ocular disease, neoplasia
How is FIV diagnosed?
- antibody testing
- viral isolation
- ELISA, PCR
How is FIV treated?
- antiviral chemotherapy (AZT)
- immunomodulatory therapy
