Neuro - Brain Conditions Flashcards
Describe paradoxical vestibular syndrome
- the cerebellum acts as an UMN to vestibular nucleus, and is inhibitory
- if lesion on right side of cerebellum, there is no longer inhibition to the right side of vestibular nucleus
- increase tone of right extensors, so dog will tilt/circle to the left
- CP deficits will be on the right
What are the signs of cerebellar damage?
- wide based stance
- truncal ataxia
- dysmetria or hypermetria
- intention tremor
What happens in shaker dog disease?
What is the treatment?
- tremors in head and limbs
- worse with exercise/excitement
- no shaking when asleep
- treat with prednisone
What is scotty cramp?
- serotonin deficiency +/- PG abnormality
- stiffen with exercise, fall over and flex
What is hydrocephalus?
What is the most common cause?
- dilated ventricles of the brain, abnormal accumulation of CSF, pressure atrophy of cerebral cortex
- due to decreased CSF flow
What are the clinical signs of hydrocephpalus?
- easily depressed or excited
- learning disability, seizures, blind, deaf
- clumsy, uncoordinated
- bilateral divergent strabismus
- domed skull
What are the most common brain neoplasias?
gliomas
meningiomas
What are the signs of neoplasia in the cortex?
In the brainstem?
C: behavior, seizures, circling, head pressing, poor vision
BS: depression, paresis, cranial nerve deficits
What are the clinical signs of cerebellum herniation out of the foramen magnum?
- decreased circulation, depression
- lost cranial nerve reflexes
- PLR affected
- tetraparesis, respiratory arrest
Explain concussion vs. contusion
Concussion: no morphological lesion - temporary unconsciousness - confusion/ataxia for a few days Contusion: focal hemorrhage and edema - CP deficits - unconscious for longer - more confused and ataxic
What are the clinical signs if there is cranial trauma in the cortex?
- decreased consciousness
- normal cranial nerves
- seizures
- contralateral hemiparesis
What are the clinical signs if there is cranial trauma in the brain stem?
- decreased consciousness
- abnormal cranial nerves
- irregular respiration
- bradycardia
- abnormal PLR: mydriasis
- UMN signs
What is the cause of feline ischemic encephalopathy?
What are the clinical signs?
- Cuterebra migration
- behavior changes, seizures, unilateral blindness, circling, hemiparesis, head tilt
What does FIP cause?
What does FeLV cause?
FIP - focal lesions in brain (dry form)
FeLV - degenerative myelopathy
What is the usual cause of bacterial meningioencephalitis?
What are the clinical signs?
- S. intermedius
- fever, neck pain with rigidity, seizures
