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Small Animal Medicine > Bacterial Diseases of Dogs > Flashcards

Bacterial Diseases of Dogs Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is Salmonella?

How is it transmitted?

A
  • gram negative
  • isolated in raw chicken (ingestion)
  • contaminated food and water
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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of salmonellosis?

A
  • none to severe gastroenteritis
  • vomiting and diarrhea
  • can result in hypovolemia and septic shock
  • possible neutropenia
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3
Q

How is salmonellosis diagnosed?

A
  • clinical signs

- fecal culture

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4
Q

How is salmonellosis treated?

A
  • no treatment in mild/asymptomatic
  • in severe, isolation and IV fluids
  • Chloramphenicol, Trimethoprimsulfonamide, Amoxicillin, or Ampicillin
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5
Q

What kind of bacteria is Campylobacter?

What does it look like?

A
  • gram negative

- curved, slender, motile rod

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of campylobacteriosis?

A
  • large bowel diarrhea (mucus, tenesmus, hematochezia, increased freq)
  • elevated temp and possible leukocytosis
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7
Q

How is campylobacteriosis diagnosed?

A
  • microscopic exam: curved, gull-wing shaped bacteria
  • culture
  • PCR
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8
Q

What kind of bacteria is Helicobacter?

What does it look like?

A
  • gram negative

- curved/spiral

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of helicobacteriosis?

A
  • may or may not cause chronic gastritis

- vomiting, weight loss, emaciation, diarrhea

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10
Q

How is helicobacteriosis diagnosed?

A
  • gastric biopsies looking for inflammation and presence of bacteria
  • EM and molecular evaluation of organism
  • PCR on gastric samples
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11
Q

How is helicobacteriosis treated?

A
  • triple therapy: 2 antibiotics and an antiacid

- Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, and Omeprazole/Famotidine

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12
Q

What kind of bacteria is Brucella?

A
  • gram negative
  • coccobacillary
  • aerobic
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13
Q

How is Brucella transmitted?

A
  • through aborted fetal material, semen, urine, milk, and possibly oral or conjunctival
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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Brucellosis?

A
  • lymphadenopathy, fevers, seizures
  • enlarged scrotum, epididymitis, infertility, testicular atrophy
  • females: infertility, abortions, stillbirths
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15
Q

How is brucellosis diagnosed?

A
  • leukocytosis
  • hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia
  • CSF: neutrophilic pleocytosis with increased protein levels
  • serology (agglutination tests)
  • AGID, ELISA, PCR, culture
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16
Q

How is brucellosis treated?

A
  • sterilize all infected animals

- multi-antibiotic regimen (doxy plus IM stretomycin, aminoglycosides, quinolones)

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17
Q

What kind of bacteria are Actinomyces and Nocardia?

A
  • gram positive

- branching bacteria

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18
Q

What is Actinomyces associated with?

What is Nocardia associated with?

A

A: anaerobic infections, foreign body migrations, pyothorax, peritonitis, bite wounds
N: wounds and pyothorax

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19
Q

How is Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted?

A
  • host infected when tick engorges

- 48-50 hours post attachment

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20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A
  • majority do not develop signs
  • fever and lymphadenopathy
  • shifting leg lameness (polyarthritis)
  • renal disease (protein losing glomerulopathy)
  • meningitis
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21
Q

How is Leptospirosis transmitted?

A
  • direct: infected urine, venereal and placental transfer, bite wounds or ingestion of infected tissue
  • indirect: contaminated water sources, soil, and food
22
Q

What features are favorable for leptospirosis to remain viable?

A
  • slow moving warm water
  • neutral or slighyly alkaline soil pH
  • urine with higher pH
  • ambient temps of 0-24C
23
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Leptospirosis

A
  • incubation 3-7 days
  • multiplies rapidly once enters blood
  • spreads to kidney, spleen, CNS, eyes, and genital tract
  • attaches to endothelial cells (tissue edema and vasculitis)
  • attach to renal tubular cells for months
24
Q

What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis?

A
  • fever
  • tachypnea, rapid irregular pulse, vascular collapse
  • petechiae, hematemesis, hematochezia, melena, epistaxis
  • icterus
  • oliguria/anuria
  • anorexia, vomiting
25
Q

How is leptospirosis diagnosed?

A
  • hematology: decreased PLTs, neut, RBCs
  • urinalysis
  • thoracic rads: nodular opacities
  • ab ultrasound
  • serology, PCR, culture, renal biopsy
26
Q

How is leptospirosis treated?

A
  • supportive care
  • diuresis
  • antibiotics: doxy
27
Q

What kind of bacteria is Clostridium botulinum?

What does it look like?

A
  • gram positive
  • straight to slightly curved motile rods
  • anaerobic
28
Q

What disease is caused by Clostridium botulinum?

A
  • disease is caused by preformed toxin
  • LMN disease/paralysis
  • prevent presynaptic release of Ach at the NMJ
29
Q

How is botulism diagnosed?

A
  • signs: no reflexes, megaesophagus
  • electromyography
  • finding the toxin in samples
30
Q

How is botulism treated?

A
  • supportive
  • antibacterial: metronidazole and penicillin
  • prevention by heating foods
31
Q

What kind of bacteria is clostridium tetani?

A
  • gram positive
  • motile
  • anaerobic
  • spore-producing
32
Q

Describe the disease pathogenesis caused by clostridium tetani

A
  • neurotoxin: tetanospasmin
  • toxin migrates up motor nerves, can enter spinal cord and brain
  • toxin inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
33
Q

What are the clinical signs of tetanus?

A
  • ears drawn back, sardonic grin, trismus
  • salivation, dysphagia, rigid gait
  • opisthotonus, convulsions, and respiratory compromise
34
Q

How is tetanus diagnosed?

A
  • clinical signs
  • leukocytosis and neutrophilia
  • isolation of bacteria
35
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A
  • toxin wears off after 3-4 weeks
  • supportive care for long time
  • antitoxin IM
  • antibiotics: metro, pen, tetracyclin
  • sedatives for seizures
36
Q

How is mycoplasma hemocanis transmitted?

A

through the brown tick

37
Q

In which infection is a spenectomy required before clinical signs develop?

A

mycoplasma hemocanis

38
Q

What kind of bacteria is bartonella?

A

gram negative

39
Q

How is bartonellosis diagnosed?

A
  • serology: FA testing

- bacterial isolation: PCR, culture

40
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of rickettsial diseases

A
  • enter blood and replicate in endothelial cells, causing vascular damage/permeability
  • vasculitis leads to decreased platelets and albumin
41
Q

What are the clinical signs of rickettsial diseases?

A

petechiation, bleeding, and lameness

42
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of ehrlichia canis and chaffeensis infection

A
  • infects mononuclear cells in phagocytic tissue
  • infected cells move through blood to other organs
  • infected cells stick to vascular endothelium causing vasculitis
43
Q

What are the clinical signs of ehrlichia equi or ewingii infection?
What cells does it infect?

A
  • lameness, fever, joint swelling, and pain

- infected neutrophils

44
Q

What cells are infected by anaplasma platys?

What are the clinical signs?

A
  • platelets
  • non-clinical
  • thrombocytopenia
45
Q

What bacteria is responsible for rocky mountain spotted fever?
How is it transmitted?

A
  • Rickettsia rickettsia

- vector: Dermacentor variabilis

46
Q

How are rickettsial diseases diagnosed?

A
  • blood smear/cytology
  • serology
  • PCR
  • hematology, biochem, urinalysis
47
Q

What are the minimum database results of rickettsial infection?

A

hem: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, anemia
chem: hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia
UA: proteinuria

48
Q

How are rickettsial diseases treated?

A

doxycycline

49
Q

How is salmon poisoning transmitted?

What is the bacteria?

A
  • ingestion of fish with fluke containing the bacteria

- neorickettsia helmintheca

50
Q

What are the clinical signs of salmon poisoning?

A
  • fever, ocular discharge with periorbital edema, vomiting and diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, spenomegaly

Small Animal Medicine (16 decks)

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