Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Medicine > Pulmonary Parenchymal Disorders > Flashcards

Pulmonary Parenchymal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of pulmonary disease?

A
  • difficulty breathing (expiratory)
  • increased rate and effort
  • coughing
  • exercise intolerance
  • crackles on auscultation
  • orthopnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

inflammatory disorder of the pulmonary parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in the dog?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the general clinical signs of pneumonia?

A
  • soft, ineffectual cough

- difficulty breathing on expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which pathogens are the most common in primary bacterial pneumonia?

A

Bordetella

Pasteurella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect bacterial pneumonia?

A
  • hematology (neutrophilia)
  • thoracic radiograph
  • transtracheal wash
  • cytology and culture
  • bronchoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe a thoracic radiograph of a dog with bacterial pneumonia

A
  • alveolar patterns
  • right middle lung lobe collapsed
  • right cranial lobe also affected
  • deviated trachea due to megaesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the treatments for bacterial pneumonia?

A
  • antibiotics pending culture results
  • nebulization (saline +/- gentamycin)
  • supportive care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect mycotic pneumonia?

A
  • urine or serum antigen titers

- cytology/histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Blastomycosis

A
  • inhalation of spores from environment

- Blastomyces establishes in the lungs, then disseminates throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Blastomycosis?

A
  • often none
  • fever
  • emaciation
  • dry, harsh cough
  • lymphadenopathy
  • exercise intolerance
  • some will have ocular lesions, skin lesions, or bone lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect Blastomycosis?

A
  • radiographs, US, MRI, CT
  • hematology, biochem
  • cytology, histopathology
  • serology (AGID, ELISA, PCR, radioimmunoassay)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the treatments for Blastomycosis?

A
  • Amphotercin B: slow IV (nephrotoxic), accumulated dose of 8-10 mg/kg
  • Itraconozole: oral 5 mg/kg daily (80-90 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical signs for Histoplasmosis in cats?

A
  • disseminate disease: depression, weight loss, fever, anorexia, pale mm
  • dyspnea, tachypnea, abnormal lung sounds
  • coughing uncommon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is the second most common fungal disease in cats?

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical signs for Histoplasmosis in dogs?

A
  • inappetance, weight loss, fever

- dyspnea, coughing, abnormal lung sounds

17
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect Histoplasmosis?

A
  • hematology
  • biochemistry
  • radiographs, US
  • TTA/BAL
  • FNA/biopsy
18
Q

What are the treatments for Histoplasmosis?

A
  • Itraconazole (tx of choice)
  • Fluconazole
  • Voriconazole and Posaconazole
  • Amphotericin B in severe cases
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cryptococcosis in cats?

A
  • often immunosuppressed
  • chronic listlessness, weight loss, poor appetite
  • bilateral nasal discharge, snuffly
  • firm to flucuant swelling over bridge of nose
  • lymphadenopathy (mandibular)
  • neurological signs (ocular lesions)
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cryptococcosis in dogs?

A
  • often immunosuppressed
  • disseminated disease
  • 2/3 have neurological signs
21
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect Cyrptococcosis?

A
  • hematology and biochemistry
  • cytology
  • tissue biopsy
  • fungal isolation
  • serology (CSF, serum, latex agglutination, PCR)
22
Q

What are the treatments for Cryptococcosis?

A
  • surgery
  • Amphotericin B
  • Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Posaconazole
23
Q

What are the clinical signs of Coccidiomycosis?

A
  • dry, harsh cough
  • fever, anorexia, weight loss, weakness
  • cutaneous lesions common in cats
24
Q

Which diagnostics are used to detect Coccidiomycosis?

A
  • hematology (non-regen anemia)
  • US, MRI, radiographs
  • cytology, histopathology
  • fungal culture
  • serology (tube precipitin antigens, complement fixation antigens, latex agg, AGID, ELISA)
25
Q

What are the treatments for Coccidiomycosis?

A
  • Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Flucoconazole

- 3-6 months past resolution of clinical signs

26
Q

What is Aleurostrongylus abstrusus, and what are the clinical signs?

A
  • feline lungworm

- signs similar to asthma

27
Q

How do you diagnose Aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A
  • hematology: eosinophilia
  • radiograph: diffuse nodular densities, caudal lobes
  • TTW/BAL: eosinophilia, larvae
  • fecal: larvae
28
Q

What is the treatment for Aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

Fenbendazole

Ivermectin

29
Q

What is Paragonimus kellicoti, and what are the clinical signs?

A
  • dog/cat lung fluke
  • cough, wheeze, respiratory distress
  • cysts formed in lungs, which can rupture and cause pnuemothorax
30
Q

How do you diagnose Paragonimus species?

A
  • CBC: eosinophilia
  • radiographs: air filled cysts
  • TTW/BAL
  • fecal: operculated egg
31
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/progressive interstitial fibrosis?

A
  • chronic fibrosis of the lung interstitium characterized by infiltration of fibroblasts
  • collagen deposits in alveolar septa
32
Q

What are the clinical signs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/progressive interstitial fibrosis?

A
  • respiratory distress, tachypnea
  • progressive coughing
  • exercise intolerance
  • weight loss in cats
  • inspiratory crackles on auscultation
33
Q

How do you diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/progressive interstitial fibrosis?

A
  • inspiratory crackles on auscultation
  • radiograph: interstitial pattern
  • arterial blood gas: hypoxemia
  • TTW/BAL
  • lung FNA aspirates
  • lung biopsy (definitive)
34
Q

What is the treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/progressive interstitial fibrosis?

A
  • no specific
  • corticosteroids plus bronchodilators alleviate clinical signs
  • Cyclophosphamide or Azathiprine
  • Colchicine

Small Animal Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions