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GI Week 2 > Viral/Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Viral/Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what bacterial species has inherent resistance to stomach acid?

A

shigella species

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2
Q

do most enteric viruses have envelopes or capsids?

A

capsids…sturdier than envelopes

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3
Q

if the acidity of the GI tract decreases what can happen with bacteria?

A

overgrow and grow in new places

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4
Q

bacterial overgrowth can lead to what three issues

A

vitamin deficiency
fat malabsorption
malnutrition

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5
Q

enteropathogenic disease does what to the GI tract? does it invade cells?

A

it does not invade cells…it just destroys the epithelium

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6
Q

what three bacteria cause inflammatory diarrhea through intracellular replication?

A

salmonella
shigella
campylobacter

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7
Q

what two bacteria cause inflammatory diarrhea through toxins?

A

c diff

EHEC

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8
Q

what two bacteria cause secretory diarrhea?

A

vibrio cholerae

ETEC

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9
Q

name the six enteroinvasive bacteria

A 
salmonella enterica
shigella
yersinia 
campylobacter
listeria monocytogenes
enteroinvasive E coli
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10
Q

what type of bacteria grows on MacConkey agar?

A

gram negativ

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11
Q

what color are lactose pos organisms on macconkey? what about negative?

A

pos are pink

neg are beige

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12
Q

what common GI bug causes TSI slant to show up black with H2S?

A

salmonella

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13
Q

is salmonella gram neg or pos and is it anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram negative facultative anaerobe

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14
Q

what type of bug causes typhoid fever?

A

salmonelle enterica typhi

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15
Q

name the three symptoms of typhoid fever?

A

fever slowly progressing
gastroenteritis
profuse sweating

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16
Q

how does typhoid fever spread?

A

person to person…often through food person infected handles

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17
Q

how to treat typhoid?

A

antibiotics

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18
Q

is there a typhoid vaccine? who is it suggested for?

A

yes…international travelers

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19
Q

name the three non typhoid type salmonells species to know

A

Enteritidis
Typhimurium
Cholesarius

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20
Q

between salmonella typhoid and the other salmonellas, which type requires a lower infectious load?

A

salmonella typhy

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21
Q

how to treat non typhoid salmonella?

A

no antibiotics…give rehydration therapy

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22
Q

where do shigella species infect in the body?

A

lower intestine`

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23
Q

is shigella gram pos or neg? anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram negative facultative anaerobe

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24
Q

how is shigella spread

A

person to person

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25
Q

what is a rare side effect of infection with shigella? what can make this more likely and should be avoided in treatment?

A

HUS…antibiotics to be avoides

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26
Q

name the three types of shigella to know

which of these causes pandemics?

A

sonnei
flexneri
dysenteriae (pandemic)

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27
Q

which type of shigella makes a shiga toxin? what is the toxin type? what does it target and prevent?

A

shigella dysenteriae

makes an AB toxin that targets ribosomes and prevents protein growth

28
Q

is campylobacter gram neg or pos? anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram negative…microaerophile

29
Q

what is the shape of campylobacter jejuni?

A

cork screw rod

30
Q

does campylobacter have animal or human host?

A

both

31
Q

what is the treatment for campylobacter jejuni?

A

rehydration…antibiotics dont do much

32
Q

is listeria monocytogenes gram neg or pos?

A

gram positive

33
Q

what is atypical about listeria monocytogenes growth? what does this lead it to being common in?

A

it grows at 4C…common in soft cheeses and processed meats

34
Q

why do pregnant women not eat much cheese or processed meat?

A

because they can get listeria monocytogenes from it and this can be transmitted to the baby (meningitis or encephalitis)

35
Q

Listeria monocytogenes leads to more diarrhea or vomiting?

A

more vomiting

36
Q

hos is listeria monocytogenes treated

A

14-21 day course of abx

37
Q

is vibrio cholerae gram neg or pos? anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram neg facultative anaerobe

38
Q

how is vibrio cholerae transmitted?q

A

via contaminated water or food

39
Q

where can vibrio cholerae live?

A

on shells of crabs shrimps and other fish

40
Q

what type of diarrhea does vibrio cholerae cause?

A

secretory…due to toxin

41
Q

how does the toxin act in vibrio cholerae and enterotoxic E coli?

A

activates adenylate cyclase and leads to secretion of ions into GI lumen and H2O follows

42
Q

name the three enterotoxic bugs

A

vibrio cholerae
enterotoxic E coli
C diff

43
Q

is e coli gram neg or pos? aerobe or anaerobe?

A

neg…facultative anaerobe

44
Q

what are the two E coli types that are specific to humans?

A

enterotoxic

enteroinvasive

45
Q

what are the two E coli types that are in humans and animals

A

enteropathogenic

enterohemmorhagic

46
Q

is rotavirus RNA or DNA?

A

segmented DS RNA

47
Q

is norovirus RNA or DNA?

A

ss RNA

48
Q

is astrovirus RNA or DNA?

A

ssRNA

49
Q

is adenovirus RNA or DNA?

A

ds DNA

50
Q

are enteroviruses RNA or DNA?

A

ss RNA

51
Q

which of the five stomach virus types can lead to infection outside of GI?

A

enteroviruses

52
Q

name the five GI virus types to know

A 
rotovirus
norovirus
enterovirus
adenovirus
astrovirus
53
Q

what type of diarrhea do viruses cause?

A

secretory or watery

54
Q

what are the symptoms of rotavirus?

A

low grade fever emesis and diarrhea

55
Q

which stomach virus has an enterotoxin? what is the name of it?

A

rotavirus…called the viral protein NSP4

56
Q

what stomach virus has a seasonality to it in the US?

A

rota virus

57
Q

what is treatment for rotavirus? is there a vaccine?

A

treatment is hydration…yes two vaccines that we get

58
Q

what is the type of vaccine for rotavirus?

A

live attenuated reassorted

59
Q

what is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults? what about kids?

A

adults is norovirus

kids is rotavirus

60
Q

which stomach virus is common is closed spaces?

A

norovirus

61
Q

what enterovirus causes hand foot and mouth?

A

cxackievirus serogroup A

62
Q

what is an enterovirus that causes a pandemic?

A

polio virus

63
Q

are most poliovirus infections symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

asymptomatic

64
Q

what are the two names of polio vaccines? which do we give and why?

A

Salk- inactivated
Sabin- live mixture
Give salk because it does not lead to shedding of live virus in fecal matter like the Sabin live vaccine does

65
Q

what Ig response is made with the salk polio vaccine? what does this mean for the GI system?

A

IgG is made…since IgA is not induced then stomach is not as protected

66
Q

what percent of poliovirus infections cause paralysis?

A

less than 1%

67
Q

name the three non polio enteroviruses to know

A

coxackie virus A and B
Echovirus
enterovirus 70/71

GI Week 2 (12 decks)

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