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GI Week 2 > Viral/Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Viral/Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what bacterial species has inherent resistance to stomach acid?

A

shigella species

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2
Q

do most enteric viruses have envelopes or capsids?

A

capsids…sturdier than envelopes

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3
Q

if the acidity of the GI tract decreases what can happen with bacteria?

A

overgrow and grow in new places

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4
Q

bacterial overgrowth can lead to what three issues

A

vitamin deficiency
fat malabsorption
malnutrition

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5
Q

enteropathogenic disease does what to the GI tract? does it invade cells?

A

it does not invade cells…it just destroys the epithelium

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6
Q

what three bacteria cause inflammatory diarrhea through intracellular replication?

A

salmonella
shigella
campylobacter

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7
Q

what two bacteria cause inflammatory diarrhea through toxins?

A

c diff

EHEC

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8
Q

what two bacteria cause secretory diarrhea?

A

vibrio cholerae

ETEC

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9
Q

name the six enteroinvasive bacteria

A 
salmonella enterica
shigella
yersinia 
campylobacter
listeria monocytogenes
enteroinvasive E coli
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10
Q

what type of bacteria grows on MacConkey agar?

A

gram negativ

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11
Q

what color are lactose pos organisms on macconkey? what about negative?

A

pos are pink

neg are beige

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12
Q

what common GI bug causes TSI slant to show up black with H2S?

A

salmonella

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13
Q

is salmonella gram neg or pos and is it anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram negative facultative anaerobe

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14
Q

what type of bug causes typhoid fever?

A

salmonelle enterica typhi

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15
Q

name the three symptoms of typhoid fever?

A

fever slowly progressing
gastroenteritis
profuse sweating

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16
Q

how does typhoid fever spread?

A

person to person…often through food person infected handles

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17
Q

how to treat typhoid?

A

antibiotics

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18
Q

is there a typhoid vaccine? who is it suggested for?

A

yes…international travelers

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19
Q

name the three non typhoid type salmonells species to know

A

Enteritidis
Typhimurium
Cholesarius

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20
Q

between salmonella typhoid and the other salmonellas, which type requires a lower infectious load?

A

salmonella typhy

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21
Q

how to treat non typhoid salmonella?

A

no antibiotics…give rehydration therapy

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22
Q

where do shigella species infect in the body?

A

lower intestine`

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23
Q

is shigella gram pos or neg? anaerobe or aerobe?

A

gram negative facultative anaerobe

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24
Q

how is shigella spread

A

person to person

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25
what is a rare side effect of infection with shigella? what can make this more likely and should be avoided in treatment?
HUS...antibiotics to be avoides
26
name the three types of shigella to know | which of these causes pandemics?
sonnei flexneri dysenteriae (pandemic)
27
which type of shigella makes a shiga toxin? what is the toxin type? what does it target and prevent?
shigella dysenteriae | makes an AB toxin that targets ribosomes and prevents protein growth
28
is campylobacter gram neg or pos? anaerobe or aerobe?
gram negative...microaerophile
29
what is the shape of campylobacter jejuni?
cork screw rod
30
does campylobacter have animal or human host?
both
31
what is the treatment for campylobacter jejuni?
rehydration...antibiotics dont do much
32
is listeria monocytogenes gram neg or pos?
gram positive
33
what is atypical about listeria monocytogenes growth? what does this lead it to being common in?
it grows at 4C...common in soft cheeses and processed meats
34
why do pregnant women not eat much cheese or processed meat?
because they can get listeria monocytogenes from it and this can be transmitted to the baby (meningitis or encephalitis)
35
Listeria monocytogenes leads to more diarrhea or vomiting?
more vomiting
36
hos is listeria monocytogenes treated
14-21 day course of abx
37
is vibrio cholerae gram neg or pos? anaerobe or aerobe?
gram neg facultative anaerobe
38
how is vibrio cholerae transmitted?q
via contaminated water or food
39
where can vibrio cholerae live?
on shells of crabs shrimps and other fish
40
what type of diarrhea does vibrio cholerae cause?
secretory...due to toxin
41
how does the toxin act in vibrio cholerae and enterotoxic E coli?
activates adenylate cyclase and leads to secretion of ions into GI lumen and H2O follows
42
name the three enterotoxic bugs
vibrio cholerae enterotoxic E coli C diff
43
is e coli gram neg or pos? aerobe or anaerobe?
neg...facultative anaerobe
44
what are the two E coli types that are specific to humans?
enterotoxic | enteroinvasive
45
what are the two E coli types that are in humans and animals
enteropathogenic | enterohemmorhagic
46
is rotavirus RNA or DNA?
segmented DS RNA
47
is norovirus RNA or DNA?
ss RNA
48
is astrovirus RNA or DNA?
ssRNA
49
is adenovirus RNA or DNA?
ds DNA
50
are enteroviruses RNA or DNA?
ss RNA
51
which of the five stomach virus types can lead to infection outside of GI?
enteroviruses
52
name the five GI virus types to know
``` rotovirus norovirus enterovirus adenovirus astrovirus ```
53
what type of diarrhea do viruses cause?
secretory or watery
54
what are the symptoms of rotavirus?
low grade fever emesis and diarrhea
55
which stomach virus has an enterotoxin? what is the name of it?
rotavirus...called the viral protein NSP4
56
what stomach virus has a seasonality to it in the US?
rota virus
57
what is treatment for rotavirus? is there a vaccine?
treatment is hydration...yes two vaccines that we get
58
what is the type of vaccine for rotavirus?
live attenuated reassorted
59
what is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults? what about kids?
adults is norovirus | kids is rotavirus
60
which stomach virus is common is closed spaces?
norovirus
61
what enterovirus causes hand foot and mouth?
cxackievirus serogroup A
62
what is an enterovirus that causes a pandemic?
polio virus
63
are most poliovirus infections symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic
64
what are the two names of polio vaccines? which do we give and why?
Salk- inactivated Sabin- live mixture Give salk because it does not lead to shedding of live virus in fecal matter like the Sabin live vaccine does
65
what Ig response is made with the salk polio vaccine? what does this mean for the GI system?
IgG is made...since IgA is not induced then stomach is not as protected
66
what percent of poliovirus infections cause paralysis?
less than 1%
67
name the three non polio enteroviruses to know
coxackie virus A and B Echovirus enterovirus 70/71

GI Week 2 (12 decks)

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