Cancer Genetics

Question 1

what type of cells has higher risk for cancer?

Answer 1

cells that divide a lot…like GI mucosa

Question 2

are proto oncogenes turned into oncognes usually caused by a gain or loss of function mutation?

Answer 2

gain of function

Question 3

proto oncogenes are usually associated with what? 3

Answer 3

signaling pathways for cellular proliferation
trans factors that control growth factor expression
inhibitors of apoptosis

Question 4

what is the common protooncogene discussed in this module?

Answer 4

EGFR…epidermal growth factor receptor

Question 5

are tumor suppressors usually caused by a gain or loss of function mutation?

Answer 5

loss of function

Question 6

what three things are tumor suppressors usually involved with?

Answer 6

cell cycle checkpoints
mediators of apoptosis
detect DNA repair/mistakes

Question 7

what is usually the case for tumor suppressor genes for them to be a problem?

Answer 7

they need the “two hit” model meaning both copies are mutated

Question 8

what is a common tumor suppressor gene that is often mutated in polyposis? if you have an inherited mutated copy what is this called?

Answer 8

APC

inherited APC copy means you have familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 9

with familial adenomatous polyposis…what will an individual def end up getting?

Answer 9

colon cancer

Question 10

in lynch syndrome…what type of genes are affected and is it a gain or loss of function?

Answer 10

loss of function in DNA mismatch repair genes…so tumor suppressor genes

Question 11

name the two tests for lynch syndrome

Answer 11

microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry

Question 12

with lynch syndrome…what is the lifetime risk of colon cancer?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

is lynch syndrome autosomal recess or dominant?

Answer 13

autosomal recessive

Question 14

name the common genes for lynch syndrome

Answer 14

MLH1 MSH2 MSH6 or PMS2