Vascular Disorders and Obstruction Flashcards
what locations are considered an Upper GI bleed?
esoph
stomach
duodenum
what locations are considered a lower GI bleed?
SI
LI
rectum
anus
when you have hematochezia with hemodynamic instability, what test do you do? why?
upper endo…bc may be severe upper GI bleed
when you have hematochezia with hemodynamic stability, what test do you do? why?
colonoscopy bc likely lower GI bleed
name the four things that can cause esophageal bleeding
varics
laceration
esophagitis
cancer
what cause esophageal varices?
portal hypertension
what is the usual cause of an esophageal lacerations
severe vomiting or retching
what is retching?
pretty much dry heaving
when you have esophageal mucosal laceration from vomiting what is this called?
Mallory Weiss tear
when you have esophageal rupture from severe vomiting what is it called?
Boerhaave syndrome
outside of vomiting, what is another way to get esophageal laceration?
trauma
name the three ways to have gastric bleeds
cancer
peptic ulcer disease
acute hemorrhagic gastritis
name the four ways to get SI bleeds
volvulus
intussusception
meckel diverticulum
mesenteric ischemia
name the six ways to get LI bleeds
angiodysplasia hemorrhoids ischemic colitis colorectal carcinoma IBD diverticular disease
what is angiodysplasia?
small vascular malformations in the GI tract
explain the pathophys behind angiodysplasia
arteries dont branch into caps and just lead straight into veins so increased venous pressure leads to bleeding in GI tract
who gets angiodysplasia? where is it most common in GI?
elderly
most common in cecum and right colon
what are hemorrhoids? what are two common causes of them?
increased venous pressure in rectal veins…
constipation and pregnancy
superior plexus of rectal veins leads to what type of hemorrhoid? inferior plexus?
internal hemorrhoids for superior
external hemorrhoids for inferior
what are the two ways to get ischemic bowel disease?
occlusion from thrombus or atherosclerosis
and
non-occlusion from hypotension or hypovolemia
ischemic bowel disease is SI is called what?
mesenteric ischemia
ischemic bowel disease in LI is called what?
ischemic colitis
for occlusive ischemic bowel disease what artery is most common?
superior mesenteric
for occlusive ischemic bowel disease what artery is least common?
celiac pretty much never happens
