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GI Week 2 > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

how long can acute diarrhea last? what about chronic?

A

acute is less than 2 weeks and chronic is more than 4

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2
Q

what typically causes acute diarrhea?

A

most commonly infectious

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3
Q

name the four types of diarrhea

A

inflammatory
secretory
osmotic
motility

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4
Q

what causes diarrhea in osmotic diarrhea?

A

increased solutes in the lumen pulls water out and makes the stools runny

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5
Q

what causes motility diarrhea?

A

rapid transit through the colon

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6
Q

what can cause osmotic diarrhea to usually resolve?

A

fasting

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7
Q

what is a common infectious cause of secretory diarrhea?

A

cholera toxin

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8
Q

will fasting fix secretory diarrhea? what diarrhea will fasting fix?

A

no it will not

will fix osmotic though

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9
Q

what diarrhea type is associated with hypokalemia?

A

secretory diarrhea

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10
Q

what is the equation for the stool osmotic gap?

A

290-(2x(Na+K)) in stool

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11
Q

is stool osmotic gap greater than 100…what type of diarrhea?

A

osmotic

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12
Q

if stool osmotic gap less than 50 what type of diarrhea?

A

secretory

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13
Q

what type of diarrhea can have an urgency or tenesmus associated with it? why?

A

inflammatory…because rectum can get inflammed and lead to this issue

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14
Q

name three types of inflammatory bowel disease that cause inflammatory diarrhea

A

ulcerative colitis
crohns disease
microscopic colitis

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15
Q

name the four common infectious agents that cause inflammatory diarrhea

A

enteroinvasive E coli
Shigella
salmonella
clostridia difficile

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16
Q

what are the two types of microscopi colitis?

A

lymphocytic colitis

collagenous colitis

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of microscopic colitis?

A

chronic watery diarrhea with cramping and pain

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18
Q

how does the colon appear in microscopic colitis?

A

totally normal

19
Q

how do you diagnose microscopic colitis?

A

mucosal biopsy

20
Q

what changes are seen in lymphocytic colitis

A

infiltration of colonic epithelium with lymphocytes

21
Q

what changes are seen in collagenous colitis?

A

thickening of subepithelial collagen band

22
Q

what is the treatment for micrscopic colitis types?

A

budesonide (steroid)

23
Q

name the two genetic factors for celiac disease

A

HLADQ2 or 8

24
Q

other than genetic factors what else plays into celiac disease development?

A

environmental factors

25
Q

describe the pathology of celiac disease

A

epithelium has innate response to gluten and this leads to intraepothelial lymphocytosis and villous atrophy which causes GI and systemic manifestations

26
Q

what are the antibodies to test for with celiacs?

A

TTG and EMA

27
Q

name the four findings that are common with celiacs

A

diarrhea
malabsorption
iron deficiency anemia
dermatitis herpetiformis

28
Q

what is the skin finding with celiac? where does it commonly show up?

A

dermatitis herptiformis

elbows and knees

29
Q

what is treatment for celiacs? does this permanently rid of disease?

A

remove gluten…antibodies go away but still sensitive and will return if you eat it again

30
Q

what happens to the crypt/villus ration in celiacs?

A

usually much more villus than crypts but it inverts and there are more crypts than villus…

31
Q

what cells come into the crypt area with celiacs?

A

lots of lymphocytes

32
Q

what is the change in villi called in celiacs?

A

villous blunting

33
Q

what is the usual cause of osmotic diarrhea from pancreatiz exocrine insufficiency?

A

decrease in aamount of lipase

34
Q

what are four causes of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency?

A

CF
alcohol pancreatitis
pancreatic ressection
pancreatic cancer

35
Q

pancreatic insufficiency will lead to a decrease in what molecules? and what in the stool?

A

fat in stool…decrease in fat soluble vitamins

36
Q

what cause bacterial overgrowth in the SI?

A

decreased transit or motility

37
Q

bacterial overgrowth leads to what type of diarrhea?

A

osmotic diarrhea

38
Q

name two ways to test for bacterial overgrowth being a cause of osmotic diarrhea

A

hydrogen breath test

empiric trial of antibiotics

39
Q

name two exogenous agents that can cause osmotic diarrhea

A

sorbitol and non absorbed sugars

40
Q

what is IBS?

A

abdominal pain and defecation habit changes

41
Q

does IBS always have to be diarrhea? what else can it be?

A

no…can be only diarrhea or can be mix of extra hard poops and diarrhea or can be only hard poops

42
Q

what is one of the most common findings with people that have IBS? explain what this is

A

visceral hypersensitvity…this is when balloon distended in rectum ppl with IBS are much more sensitive to pain

43
Q

what is a known cause of IBS/

A

post infectious

GI Week 2 (12 decks)

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