Parasitic Infections

Question 1

what are the three stages of life cycle for helminths?

Answer 1

egg
larvae
adult

Question 2

what are the two main life cycle stages for protozoa?

Answer 2

trophozoites

cysts

Question 3

what can a trophozoite do?

Answer 3

motile feeding reproducing form

Question 4

what can a cyst do?

Answer 4

none of motile feeding or repo…just survives in environment

Question 5

what immune cell commonly increases during parasitic infection?

Answer 5

eosinophils

Question 6

how is entameoba histolytica transmitted? what form?

Answer 6

fecal to oral

cysts are infectious and trophs are pathogenic

Question 7

where does entameoba histolytica usually spread?

Answer 7

liver lung and brain

Question 8

what does entameoba histolytica cause in GI?

Answer 8

amebic dyssentery…or bloody diarrhea

flask shaped ulcers as well

Question 9

giardia lamblia or giardiasis is spread how? what forms?

Answer 9

fecal to oral (ingestion of contam food water)

cysts infectious and trophs pathogenic

Question 10

does giardia lamblia or giardiasis have an animal reservoir?

Answer 10

yes…so more likely to catch from enviro

Question 11

where does giardia lamblia or giardiasis cause issues?

Answer 11

duodenum..

Question 12

What symptom does giardia lamblia or giardiasis cause?

Answer 12

mlabsorption and steatorrhea

Question 13

what is the shape of giardia lamblia or giardiasis?

Answer 13

look like little horseshoe crabs

Question 14

is the trophozoite or cyst of giardia lamblia or giardiasis more oval shaped?

Answer 14

cyst or more like oval…troph is a tear drop shape

Question 15

cryptosporidium is spread how? by what form?

Answer 15

fecal to oral…not animal reservoir
oocysts are infectious
trophs are pathogenic

Question 16

what is the issue with cryptosporidium cysts and pools?

Answer 16

they are chlorine resistant

Question 17

where does cryptosporidium cause issues in GI? what is the main issue?

Answer 17

jejunum…secretory diarrhea

Question 18

how do we detect cryptosporidium?

Answer 18

acid fast stain of fecal matter picks up oocysts

Question 19

what is another name for a tapeworm?

Answer 19

cestodes

Question 20

what are the two cestodes/tapeworms to know?

Answer 20

taenia solium

taenia saginata

Question 21

what is taenia solium from?

Answer 21

pork

Question 22

what is taenia saginata from?

Answer 22

beef

Question 23

how do we get taenia solium or saginata? what form?

Answer 23

ingestion of raw or undercooked meat CYST

Question 24

which of T solium or or saginata has issues if you ingest an egg of it? what is the problem?

Answer 24

T solium has big problems…forms cysticerci in brain eyes and skin

Question 25

where do we get trematodes or flukes from?

Answer 25

snails

Question 26

how do we catch trematodes/schistosoma?

Answer 26

they penetrate our skin

Question 27

name the three types of schistosoma

Answer 27

mansoni japonicum haematobium

Question 28

which two types of schistosoma infect the mesenteric veins in the GI?

Answer 28

mansoni | japonicum

Question 29

which type of schistosoma causes bladder infection and bloody urine?

Answer 29

haematobium

Question 30

what is another name for round worms?

Answer 30

nematodes

Question 31

name the two nematodes or round worms to know

Answer 31

``` enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) ascaris lumbercoides ```

Question 32

what is another name for enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 32

pinworm

Question 33

what form of enterobius vermicularis is ingested? where does it infect?q

Answer 33

eggs ingested...stay in GI tract as larvae and adults

Question 34

what form of ascaris lumbercoides are infectious? where does it infect?

Answer 34

larvae travel to lungs and grow there then are coughed up and swallowed

Question 35

which one of enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) or | ascaris lumbercoides are large GI worms?

Answer 35

ascaris lumbercoides

Question 36

what is the difference in how enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) and ascaris lumbercoides eggs look

Answer 36

ascaris are lumpy bumpy oval eggs and enterobius pinworms are very smooth oval eggs

Question 37

what is the hookworm to know?

Answer 37

necator americanus

Question 38

how does necatur americanus get in the body?

Answer 38

penetrate skin...bare feet common...then pass through lungs and into SI

Question 39

what two things do necator americanus cause?

Answer 39

bleeding and anemia

Question 40

what is another worm aside from necator americanus that can penetrate the skin and go through the lung to infect?

Answer 40

strongyloides stercoralis

Question 41

how do you differentiate between necator americanus and strogyloides stercoralis is fecal matter?

Answer 41

necator americanus will have round eggs in fecal matter | strongyloides stercolaris will have larvae that look like worms

Question 42

what is the antiprotozoan class of drugs called?

Answer 42

nitroimidiazoles

Question 43

what three protozoans can be treated with nitroimidiazoles?

Answer 43

giardia entamoeba cryptosporidia

Question 44

name the common nitroimidazole

Answer 44

metronidazole

Question 45

what are two antibiotic classes that work against protozoans?

Answer 45

folate inhibs like tri/smx | aminoglycosides

Question 46

what is the amoebocidal drug? what does it treat?

Answer 46

iodoquinol...Entamoeba cysts and trophozoites

Question 47

aminoglycosides are used to treat what protozoan?

Answer 47

entamoeba histolytica