villages PART 2 Flashcards
how many people lived in villages 1060
90%
what was the open field system
- sown fields not surrounded by hedges
- fallon fields left empty to allow land to recover
what did the church act as
-centre of village built of stone and acted as a fortress in times of war, a prison and also stored goods
what were peasants houses made of
mixture of animal manure and crops dried to be waterproof
-thatched roofs could be burnt easily
what did the woods on the outskirts do
-provide wood and food
millhouse
-by a river had a water supply and drinking hole for animals
why was the church so important
- had a bell that was rung to inform villagers when and when not to work
- stored goods and acted as a prison
- acted as a fortress and could not be burnt
- needed to be multifunctional as only stone building
- church services on Sundays and holy days now known as ‘holidays’
how much land was kept for the lord
25-35%
how much land was kept for the peasants
65% - 75%
-peasants had to pay for land with crops and beer as feudal system ensured everyone was paying those move them
what were the main crops grown
wheat // oats // barley//rye
how did the Lords make their money
received money necropsy from peasants who farmed their land
how may villages id the domesday book record in 1086
13,400
why was land farmed in strips
easier for oxen to pull in a straight line
life of a peasant
- lived in dark damp houses and are not allowed to leave area without permission of the lord
- ate slept and relaxed in a single room
- animals came in at night so they could catch diseases
manors
- refers to area including many house barn and church
- freeman peasants live in manor with lord
- freemen pay and work for lord during harvest time
- made form stone
- freemen could not leave without permission of lord
demesne
land owner by lord
positives of system
-peasants still have land and William is in control
negatives of system
- peasants may be inclined to revolt
- peasants are being exploited and will die earlier due to disease s
what size land could tenges and knights own
485-730 hectares
who was a reeve
- senior official who worked on behalf of the king and managed a manor and its peasants making sure everyone did their job
- chosen by lord or peasants
bailiff
-in charge of collecting taxes for the crown and ensuring crops were gathered and debts were paid
priest
-ran local church
miller
-produced grain to make bread for the areas (baked inwoven of lord of the manor)
norman farming year
summer – harvest crops
autumn – plough fields using oxen
winter – surviving salting and smoking meat and fish (preserving food)/ tool making// skinning animals to make fur and leather
spring – sow seeds
freemen jobs
brewers - made beer form crops and lord decided on price
millers– round corn into flour
tithes
- 10% of annual income paid to church
- kept in barns with seeds and equipment
- baliff would collect taxes
diet of peasants
- beer / cider / milk
- vegetables grown themselves (subsistence living)
- rye bread
- pottage (stew made from beans and peas)
- fish if caught in rivers
- rare meat
diet rich
- beer or cider
- meat and fish daily
- suagr in forms of pastries and honey
- water
- bacon salted beef or mutton
how did life stay the same under normans
-life stayed the same for peasants mostly with a few changes
how did life change
- William introduced bailiffs barons bishops and knights
- improved importance of Reeves who now answered to king
- number freemen decreased due to higher rent snd taxes so many lost freedom
- buildings rebuilt as stone
- peasants could no longer hunt in forests to sustain diets
- placers safer for merchants to travel through without fear of robbery
result of poor harvest
starvation
time off
- worked 6 days a week so had little time for fun
- holy days would begin with wrestling and a travelling musician or beer baiting
what made life difficult for peasants (freemen )
- had to do ‘boon work’ for the lord when they asked
- freemen supervised by bailiff
