villages PART 2

Question 1

how many people lived in villages 1060

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

what was the open field system

Answer 2

• sown fields not surrounded by hedges

- fallon fields left empty to allow land to recover

Question 3

what did the church act as

Answer 3

-centre of village built of stone and acted as a fortress in times of war, a prison and also stored goods

Question 4

what were peasants houses made of

Answer 4

mixture of animal manure and crops dried to be waterproof

-thatched roofs could be burnt easily

Question 5

what did the woods on the outskirts do

Answer 5

-provide wood and food

Question 6

millhouse

Answer 6

-by a river had a water supply and drinking hole for animals

Question 7

why was the church so important

Answer 7

• had a bell that was rung to inform villagers when and when not to work
• stored goods and acted as a prison
• acted as a fortress and could not be burnt
• needed to be multifunctional as only stone building
• church services on Sundays and holy days now known as ‘holidays’

Question 8

how much land was kept for the lord

Answer 8

25-35%

Question 9

how much land was kept for the peasants

Answer 9

65% - 75%

-peasants had to pay for land with crops and beer as feudal system ensured everyone was paying those move them

Question 10

what were the main crops grown

Answer 10

wheat // oats // barley//rye

Question 11

how did the Lords make their money

Answer 11

received money necropsy from peasants who farmed their land

Question 12

how may villages id the domesday book record in 1086

Answer 12

13,400

Question 13

why was land farmed in strips

Answer 13

easier for oxen to pull in a straight line

Question 14

life of a peasant

Answer 14

• lived in dark damp houses and are not allowed to leave area without permission of the lord
• ate slept and relaxed in a single room
• animals came in at night so they could catch diseases

Question 15

manors

Answer 15

• refers to area including many house barn and church
• freeman peasants live in manor with lord
• freemen pay and work for lord during harvest time
• made form stone
• freemen could not leave without permission of lord

Question 16

demesne

Answer 16

land owner by lord

Question 17

positives of system

Answer 17

-peasants still have land and William is in control

Question 18

negatives of system

Answer 18

• peasants may be inclined to revolt

- peasants are being exploited and will die earlier due to disease s

Question 19

what size land could tenges and knights own

Answer 19

485-730 hectares

Question 20

who was a reeve

Answer 20

• senior official who worked on behalf of the king and managed a manor and its peasants making sure everyone did their job
• chosen by lord or peasants

Question 21

bailiff

Answer 21

-in charge of collecting taxes for the crown and ensuring crops were gathered and debts were paid

Question 22

priest

Answer 22

-ran local church

Question 23

miller

Answer 23

-produced grain to make bread for the areas (baked inwoven of lord of the manor)

Question 24

norman farming year

Answer 24

summer – harvest crops
autumn – plough fields using oxen
winter – surviving salting and smoking meat and fish (preserving food)/ tool making// skinning animals to make fur and leather
spring – sow seeds

Question 25

freemen jobs

Answer 25

brewers - made beer form crops and lord decided on price

millers– round corn into flour

Question 26

tithes

Answer 26

• 10% of annual income paid to church
• kept in barns with seeds and equipment
• baliff would collect taxes

Question 27

diet of peasants

Answer 27

• beer / cider / milk
• vegetables grown themselves (subsistence living)
• rye bread
• pottage (stew made from beans and peas)
• fish if caught in rivers
• rare meat

Question 28

diet rich

Answer 28

• beer or cider
• meat and fish daily
• suagr in forms of pastries and honey
• water
• bacon salted beef or mutton

Question 29

how did life stay the same under normans

Answer 29

-life stayed the same for peasants mostly with a few changes

Question 30

how did life change

Answer 30

• William introduced bailiffs barons bishops and knights
• improved importance of Reeves who now answered to king
• number freemen decreased due to higher rent snd taxes so many lost freedom
• buildings rebuilt as stone
• peasants could no longer hunt in forests to sustain diets
• placers safer for merchants to travel through without fear of robbery

Question 31

result of poor harvest

Answer 31

starvation

Question 32

time off

Answer 32

• worked 6 days a week so had little time for fun

- holy days would begin with wrestling and a travelling musician or beer baiting

Question 33

what made life difficult for peasants (freemen )

Answer 33

• had to do ‘boon work’ for the lord when they asked

- freemen supervised by bailiff