reforms to monasteries PART 3

Question 1

Cluniac monasteries

Answer 1

-developed in. Cluny abbey France - Duke William of Aquitaine 910

Question 2

what did William do in hope that the Cluniac order may help him to reform England

Answer 2

-gave gifts of land and money to French monasteries in hope that they would help to reform England but the abbot s
St Hugh refused

Question 3

who did William send to Cluniac monastery

Answer 3

-one of his barons (William de Warenne) persuaded him to send a prior and 3 monks to set up a priory in Lewes (1077 introduced)

Question 4

how many cluniac monasteries in England by the end of the 11th century

Answer 4

36

Question 5

what did the introduction of the Cluny order bring

Answer 5

revival of abbeys in the north of England - spectacular abbeys including Whitby on the NE coast

• monks brought in from Normandy and abbots became tenants of large areas of land
• monasteries and nunneries became a dumping ground for younger daughter sand sons who couldn’t inherit or be married off
• William believed that this was penance for Hastings

Question 6

what happened to the number of religious houses

1066 - 1135

Answer 6

• 1066 = 60 religious houses

- 1135 = more than 250 religious houses

Question 7

features of a Cluniac monastery

Answer 7

=refectory - monks ate
=central abbey - for services
=clositer - at centre w/ covered walkway and small cells to pray in private
=guest houses - if monks were struggling or guests
=dormitory

Question 8

what reforms did Lanfranc introduce

Answer 8

• supremacy of pope in charge and not King
• challenged simony(paying for positions)
• obedience
• loyalty to King and Pope
• substitution (anglo for normans)

Question 9

how much did the numbers of monks increase by from 1066 - 1135

Answer 9

1,000 - 5,000

Question 10

how many cathedrals in 1135

Answer 10

• 19

- 10 had a monastery attached

Question 11

1075 - how many Anglo Saxon abbots

-1086 how many

Answer 11

1075 – 13/21 abbots on Lanfrancs council were Anglo Saxon

1086 – only 3 abbots were Anglo Saxon

Question 12

problems with church under Stigand

Answer 12

• monks had stopped practice of regular fasting and were not vegetarians
• priests had wives and children

Question 13

How many monasteries in 1066 - 1135

Answer 13

1066- 60

1135 - 250

Question 14

how were Cluniac monasteries different to normal monasteries

Answer 14

• cluniac monasteries removed the secular interest from monasteries as they often depend on a feudal lords donations\
• they answered directly to the pope