PART 3 Norman Church reforms Flashcards
How did William change the Church
- dilutes power by adding more sections/levels so that no one could become too powerful
- introduces Archbishops and archdeacons to control large areas (deaneries)
- now deans controlled parishes and their priests (no one did before)
Williams criticisms of the Church
Pluralism
- holding more than 1 position in the Church
- Archbishop Stigand was of Canturbury and Winchester
Williams criticisms of the Church
Simony
-selling positions in the Church ( becomes corrupt)
Williams criticisms of the Church
nepotism
-appointing unqualified members of the family to positions in power
Williams criticisms of the Church
marriage
-clergy could not marry and should remain celibate
what did William not do as he was so concerned about corruption within anglo Saxon Church
-refused to be crowned by Archbishop Stigand as he was of Canterbury and Winchester (pluralism)
when did William I die
1087
Stigand archbishop of where from when
Canterbury
-1052 - 1070
What Stigand
- corrupt
- Anglo Saxon
- used position in power to increase his own personal wealth
- he gave people jobs in Church for being able to make him money
when did Lanfranc become archbishop of Canterbury
1070
Lanfranc was controlled by only 2 people - the King, and the Pope (the leader of the Catholic church who lived in Vatican City).
archdeacons
lanfranc introduced an archdeacon into each diocese to have control over actions and behaviour of Church
Archbishop Lanfranc
- italian benedictine monk and abbot of Bec abbey
- 1066 - got papal banner for William
- 1070 - Archbishop of Canterbury
- became William I religious advisor
- opposed Williams marriage to Matilda and exiled
what did Lanfranc do in 1075
-during the earls revolt lanfranc was in charge of England as William was travelling
1089 lanfranc
-when Lanfranc died William Rufus refused to appoint anyone else as archbishop of Canterbury as he wanted the money and land
what did William’s reforms do
- benefit himself
- benefit others
- brought England in line with Rome
- allows the Church to run the country
Reforms to Bishops
- replaces all Anglo Saxon bishops with Normans
- archbishop Stigand replaced by Lanfranc
- 1080 - only 1 anglo Saxon bishop left - Wulstan
Architecture reforms
- at first, Normans stole treasure from 49 anglo monasteries and stole Church land
- rebuilding churches in Romanesque style eg Durham Bath and Norwich
- built them in strategic locations eg market towns so that archbishop had more control of an area
Organisation reforms
- after 1066 Church became more organised
- diocese divided into archdeaconries and then further deaneries
- new Cathedrals built-in growing towns eg Salisbury and Coventry
- archdeacons became more common in enforcing law
Reform to Legal Issues
- 1076 council of Winchester ordered that Church courts could only be tried for religious crimes
- William only interfered in 1082 when Bishop Odo was arrested for trying to take a group of knights to the continent
- -> William insisted that he was trie at the Earl of Kent rather than the bishop of Bayeux so that he could got to the Kings court
- William introduced 1p tax to the Pope
reform to parish priests
- peasants did not experience any reform to religion
- local priests were mostly illiterate and poorly educated so carried on with marriage and nepotism
why was Lanfrancs reforms to the clergy important and useful for Normans
-Lanfranc introduced celibacy for priests however many Anglo Saxons were already married so this was a good excuse to promote norman priests bishops and abbots
from 1076 onwards what court was a clergy tried in
clergy was tried under separate judicial system form the year 1076 - only church courts could decide if a Norman monk or priest was guilty of a crime
how were monasteries and nunnery rebuilt
Anglo Saxon wooden ones were replaced with newer modern ones
1078
Pope Gregory attempts too increase his power at the exspense of Williams - demanded only Church could appoint abbots and bishops (part of investiture controversy)
what did William I refuse to do to the new Pope Gregory VII in 1073
- swear an oath of fealty (loyalty)
- as the Pope had demanded that English clergymen reported to Vatican and not king
what did William I do after refusing to swear an oath of fealty
-introduce Peters pence tax to be payed to Vatican
who did Gregory also fall out with and what did this lead to
- fell out with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and he was excommunicated
- Pope Urban II was his replacement after he was exiled
what did William I and Pope Alexander agree
- agreed to end simony
- required clergy to be celibate
- remove corrupt bishops
