PART 3 Norman Church reforms

Question 1

How did William change the Church

Answer 1

• dilutes power by adding more sections/levels so that no one could become too powerful
• introduces Archbishops and archdeacons to control large areas (deaneries)
• now deans controlled parishes and their priests (no one did before)

Question 2

Williams criticisms of the Church

Pluralism

Answer 2

• holding more than 1 position in the Church

- Archbishop Stigand was of Canturbury and Winchester

Question 3

Williams criticisms of the Church

Simony

Answer 3

-selling positions in the Church ( becomes corrupt)

Question 4

Williams criticisms of the Church

nepotism

Answer 4

-appointing unqualified members of the family to positions in power

Question 5

Williams criticisms of the Church

marriage

Answer 5

-clergy could not marry and should remain celibate

Question 6

what did William not do as he was so concerned about corruption within anglo Saxon Church

Answer 6

-refused to be crowned by Archbishop Stigand as he was of Canterbury and Winchester (pluralism)

Question 7

when did William I die

Answer 7

1087

Question 8

Stigand archbishop of where from when

Answer 8

Canterbury

-1052 - 1070

Question 9

What Stigand

Answer 9

• corrupt
• Anglo Saxon
• used position in power to increase his own personal wealth
• he gave people jobs in Church for being able to make him money

Question 10

when did Lanfranc become archbishop of Canterbury

Answer 10

1070
Lanfranc was controlled by only 2 people - the King, and the Pope (the leader of the Catholic church who lived in Vatican City).

Question 11

archdeacons

Answer 11

lanfranc introduced an archdeacon into each diocese to have control over actions and behaviour of Church

Question 12

Archbishop Lanfranc

Answer 12

• italian benedictine monk and abbot of Bec abbey
• 1066 - got papal banner for William
• 1070 - Archbishop of Canterbury
• became William I religious advisor
• opposed Williams marriage to Matilda and exiled

Question 13

what did Lanfranc do in 1075

Answer 13

-during the earls revolt lanfranc was in charge of England as William was travelling

Question 14

1089 lanfranc

Answer 14

-when Lanfranc died William Rufus refused to appoint anyone else as archbishop of Canterbury as he wanted the money and land

Question 15

what did William’s reforms do

Answer 15

• benefit himself
• benefit others
• brought England in line with Rome
• allows the Church to run the country

Question 16

Reforms to Bishops

Answer 16

• replaces all Anglo Saxon bishops with Normans
• archbishop Stigand replaced by Lanfranc
• 1080 - only 1 anglo Saxon bishop left - Wulstan

Question 17

Architecture reforms

Answer 17

• at first, Normans stole treasure from 49 anglo monasteries and stole Church land
• rebuilding churches in Romanesque style eg Durham Bath and Norwich
• built them in strategic locations eg market towns so that archbishop had more control of an area

Question 18

Organisation reforms

Answer 18

• after 1066 Church became more organised
• diocese divided into archdeaconries and then further deaneries
• new Cathedrals built-in growing towns eg Salisbury and Coventry
• archdeacons became more common in enforcing law

Question 19

Reform to Legal Issues

Answer 19

• 1076 council of Winchester ordered that Church courts could only be tried for religious crimes
• William only interfered in 1082 when Bishop Odo was arrested for trying to take a group of knights to the continent
• -> William insisted that he was trie at the Earl of Kent rather than the bishop of Bayeux so that he could got to the Kings court
• William introduced 1p tax to the Pope

Question 20

reform to parish priests

Answer 20

• peasants did not experience any reform to religion

- local priests were mostly illiterate and poorly educated so carried on with marriage and nepotism

Question 21

why was Lanfrancs reforms to the clergy important and useful for Normans

Answer 21

-Lanfranc introduced celibacy for priests however many Anglo Saxons were already married so this was a good excuse to promote norman priests bishops and abbots

Question 22

from 1076 onwards what court was a clergy tried in

Answer 22

clergy was tried under separate judicial system form the year 1076 - only church courts could decide if a Norman monk or priest was guilty of a crime

Question 23

how were monasteries and nunnery rebuilt

Answer 23

Anglo Saxon wooden ones were replaced with newer modern ones

Question 24

1078

Answer 24

Pope Gregory attempts too increase his power at the exspense of Williams - demanded only Church could appoint abbots and bishops (part of investiture controversy)

Question 25

what did William I refuse to do to the new Pope Gregory VII in 1073

Answer 25

• swear an oath of fealty (loyalty)

- as the Pope had demanded that English clergymen reported to Vatican and not king

Question 26

what did William I do after refusing to swear an oath of fealty

Answer 26

-introduce Peters pence tax to be payed to Vatican

Question 27

who did Gregory also fall out with and what did this lead to

Answer 27

• fell out with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and he was excommunicated
• Pope Urban II was his replacement after he was exiled

Question 28

what did William I and Pope Alexander agree

Answer 28

• agreed to end simony
• required clergy to be celibate
• remove corrupt bishops