Towns PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

burh

A

anglo Saxon trade town

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2
Q

what happened to merchants in trade towns

A

they were heavily taxed

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3
Q

burgess

A
  • important figures in towns who had the right to buy and sell property
  • -> heard legal cases to shire or hundred
  • -> owed taxes to local lord
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4
Q

which city declined in importance and how did William combat this

A

-winchester declined in importance but William built a cathedral to increase its religious importance

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5
Q

how many new towns were created between 1066 and 1100

A

21 new towns

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6
Q

how many burgesses did Lincoln have

A

-970

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7
Q

what did the domesday book show about the populations of London and Winchester

A

London - 10,000

Winchester - 6000

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8
Q

by 1086 how many new houses were built in bury st edmunds ( a market town0

A

300

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9
Q

what were castle initially built for and what did they become

A

-initially built to defend Norman nobility but soon became centres for trade

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10
Q

example of towns that developed around new cathedrals

A

Durham Ely and winchester

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11
Q

the more burgesses a town had

A

the bigger it was

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12
Q

problems with towns

A
  • mass dense population
  • dieseases could spread easily (cramped living space)
  • no proper sewage or running water
  • feces thrown out of window
  • not many jobs for the amount of people
  • villages had access to food and water due to streams and woodland but towns lacked this
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13
Q

Why did towns grow after Normans

A
  • towns grew as a trading centre and were charged to enter (expand economy)
  • a villein could become a freeman after a year and a day
  • tons grew around new cathedral eg durham
  • villeins could become servant for rich merchants
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14
Q

why did towns in the SW grow

A

trade links with Normandy

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15
Q

what would having a charter of independence mean for a town

A
  • if towns grew they could apply for a charter of independence from Lord r King
  • town could govern itself by electing a council and mayor
  • free form Normans to own taxes and run a fair market
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16
Q

what’s the difference between castles and burhs

A

-castles hosted troops while burh housed the whole community

17
Q

guilds

A

burgesses may be crafts people( weavers/goldsmiths//leatherworkers) and began to form special associations
-stamp of quality control

18
Q

how did trade affect the growth of towns

A
  • Trade with Scandanavia declined
  • Normans provided stability which increased trade and trade with France increased
  • salt became an important product
19
Q

1086 Domesday book Droitwich increased in trade due to

A
  • salt
  • 13 salthouses in droitwich
  • 3 salt workers paid taxes to King in form of salt
  • cook and perserve food
20
Q

role of burgesses in towns

A
  • acted as watchmen
  • helped local militia
  • could rule on legal disputes
21
Q

what did a town need to be held a franchise

A
  • grant form King
22
Q

how many grants given out after Norman conquest

A

-2800

23
Q

who was the first grant given to

A

-Bishop of winchester to hold a free fair at st Giles hill

24
Q

salt trade

A

-cook and preserve food

25
Q

wool trade

A
  • demand in England and neighbouring countries for wool to make clothes
  • made in countryside and transported along river eg York and Lincoln
  • exported abroad to owns in Belgium Flanders
26
Q

Metalwork

A
  • production of iron and lead important in weapon making
  • metal workers were near woodland to prove wood for fires
  • gloucester sourced wood form Forest of Dean
27
Q

moneylenders

A
  • not christians as they outdent do job so usually jews form Europe
  • no banks so they were useful but very unpopular
28
Q

similarities between towns and villages

A
  • poor sanitation
  • both have hierarchy
  • both have religious buildings
  • church is a stronghold
29
Q

differences between town and village

A
  • towns have large population
  • towns have greater business
  • villages have a better food and water supply
  • towns have more freedom
30
Q

Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks )
CAUSES

A

-Normans wanted to increase trade and expand the economy
-towns expands due to the construction of new Cathedrals for examples
Winchester grew round its cathedral increased in religious importance population 6000
-Normans could gain taxes form taxes the merchants to enter town for trade
-increae military control by building castles in towns on a large scale

31
Q

Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks )
CHRONOLOGY

A
  • densely populated towns led to horrid living conditions

- castles acted as a fortress and stronghold