Towns PART 2 Flashcards
burh
anglo Saxon trade town
what happened to merchants in trade towns
they were heavily taxed
burgess
- important figures in towns who had the right to buy and sell property
- -> heard legal cases to shire or hundred
- -> owed taxes to local lord
which city declined in importance and how did William combat this
-winchester declined in importance but William built a cathedral to increase its religious importance
how many new towns were created between 1066 and 1100
21 new towns
how many burgesses did Lincoln have
-970
what did the domesday book show about the populations of London and Winchester
London - 10,000
Winchester - 6000
by 1086 how many new houses were built in bury st edmunds ( a market town0
300
what were castle initially built for and what did they become
-initially built to defend Norman nobility but soon became centres for trade
example of towns that developed around new cathedrals
Durham Ely and winchester
the more burgesses a town had
the bigger it was
problems with towns
- mass dense population
- dieseases could spread easily (cramped living space)
- no proper sewage or running water
- feces thrown out of window
- not many jobs for the amount of people
- villages had access to food and water due to streams and woodland but towns lacked this
Why did towns grow after Normans
- towns grew as a trading centre and were charged to enter (expand economy)
- a villein could become a freeman after a year and a day
- tons grew around new cathedral eg durham
- villeins could become servant for rich merchants
why did towns in the SW grow
trade links with Normandy
what would having a charter of independence mean for a town
- if towns grew they could apply for a charter of independence from Lord r King
- town could govern itself by electing a council and mayor
- free form Normans to own taxes and run a fair market
what’s the difference between castles and burhs
-castles hosted troops while burh housed the whole community
guilds
burgesses may be crafts people( weavers/goldsmiths//leatherworkers) and began to form special associations
-stamp of quality control
how did trade affect the growth of towns
- Trade with Scandanavia declined
- Normans provided stability which increased trade and trade with France increased
- salt became an important product
1086 Domesday book Droitwich increased in trade due to
- salt
- 13 salthouses in droitwich
- 3 salt workers paid taxes to King in form of salt
- cook and perserve food
role of burgesses in towns
- acted as watchmen
- helped local militia
- could rule on legal disputes
what did a town need to be held a franchise
- grant form King
how many grants given out after Norman conquest
-2800
who was the first grant given to
-Bishop of winchester to hold a free fair at st Giles hill
salt trade
-cook and preserve food
wool trade
- demand in England and neighbouring countries for wool to make clothes
- made in countryside and transported along river eg York and Lincoln
- exported abroad to owns in Belgium Flanders
Metalwork
- production of iron and lead important in weapon making
- metal workers were near woodland to prove wood for fires
- gloucester sourced wood form Forest of Dean
moneylenders
- not christians as they outdent do job so usually jews form Europe
- no banks so they were useful but very unpopular
similarities between towns and villages
- poor sanitation
- both have hierarchy
- both have religious buildings
- church is a stronghold
differences between town and village
- towns have large population
- towns have greater business
- villages have a better food and water supply
- towns have more freedom
Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks )
CAUSES
-Normans wanted to increase trade and expand the economy
-towns expands due to the construction of new Cathedrals for examples
Winchester grew round its cathedral increased in religious importance population 6000
-Normans could gain taxes form taxes the merchants to enter town for trade
-increae military control by building castles in towns on a large scale
Write an account in the ways in which town life changed under the normans (8 marks )
CHRONOLOGY
- densely populated towns led to horrid living conditions
- castles acted as a fortress and stronghold
