Feudalism PART 2 Flashcards
what did william make his supporters and allies
- tenants
- gave them land
- expected to be loyal to King and supply military supplies and forces when needed
how did the new feudal system provide William with control,
- as all land as with him if a tenant in chief upset him William could remove all of their land and control-
- act of taking away land was called forfeiture
Anglo Saxon feudal system
key features
- king receives land from earls
- witan
- earls - very large landowners and ran administrations of country
- thegns- peasant workers who could own land in village s
- ceaorl- a freeman
- cottars and serfs - worked in fields tied to Lords estate
Norman feudal system key features
- king- control of all of the land
- bishops- controlled 25% of land as tenants in chief
- barons- granted land via subienfeudation from King
- knights- provide military service to king
- peasants and villeins - worked for lord
subienfeudation
-process in which tenants could reward their own followers with smaller grants of land
homage
-to control inheritance process in England William could extract parts of inheritance and made everyone and their families dependent on him
scutage
-tax knights could pay to avoid military service
who made up Norman aristocracy
-knights and barons
fiscal feudalism
-system in which land was given by King in return for oaths of fealty payed with military service
similarities between Norman and anglo Saxon feudal system
- king at the top
- both have peasants
- land is very important in both
- you work for the person above you
differences between anglo Saxon and Norman feudal system
- king had total control of land and distribute sit in Norman whereas anglo Saxon king receives land from earls
- norman barons have to provide military supplies or service to king for land and in anglo Saxon they already own it
- norman power shared out as earldoms reduces
what were Norman barons given from William
- land (a ‘fief’)
domesday book 1086 states
- church controls
- William controls
- rest
- church = 25% of land
- William family = 25% of land
- 50% was held by 180 norma barons and out of this 10 most powerful held Half of the land
what did barons give to knights
-barons gave food and shelter to knights and knights gave loyalty and military service in return
what did knights give to peasants
-knighst gave peasants food protection and shelter in return for work on fields and military service as fyrd
4 main earldoms before
Mercia northumbria east anglia Wessex
what did William do to earldoms
-dissolved the power to prevent tenants in chief form becoming too powerful ( new earldoms = Hereford/ Shrewsbury/ Chester)
how long did barons have to provide knights to the king for
1-2 months a year
what could Norman peasants not do unlike ceorls anglo Saxons
-norman peasants are tied to their lord and cannot choose to leave
-how did William control the welsh border
- many lawless and rebels fled to welsh marshes
- William chose William FiztOsbern to rule this area for him as a ‘Marcher Lord’
- made Hereford his base and built castles in Monmouth, Chepstow, and Wigmore which he used to launch attacks on Wales
8 MARKER
WRITE AN CCOUNT OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THE FEUDAL SYSTEM CHANGED UNDER NORMANS
//CAUSES//
- William wanted to dissolve and distribute power to increase his influence
- William could make people loyal to him through gifting land
- reward those who fight in Hastings
- ensure church was a landowner but also loyal to him
- introduce fiscal system (military service/money in return for land)
8 MARKER
WRITE AN CCOUNT OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THE FEUDAL SYSTEM CHANGED UNDER NORMANS
//CHRNOLOGY//
-shared out land and created more earldoms
-changed feudal system so that the king owns land
-replaces earls with barons
-introduces idea that everyone owes military service to King
-introduces peasants and villeins who cannot leave the Lord
introduces knight class to improve military
8 MARKER
WRITE AN CCOUNT OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THE FEUDAL SYSTEM CHANGED UNDER NORMANS
//CONSEQUENCES//
- land ownership remained with William
- 1086 controls 1/4 of land
- 10 men most powerful tenants in chief control 25%
- 1076 last English earl walthe0f beheaded and only 2 Englishmen as tenants in chief
- lasted for centuries
- everyone knew their place
when were all senior positions held by normans. in church
1096
when was the last English earl beheaded
-waltehof beheaded 1076 only 2 English tenants in chief
norman under tenant
vassal
what was knights social status
it varied
