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AP Civics & Government > VIII - Political Parties > Flashcards

VIII - Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Political party

A

Group trying to win elections & control of the gov’t

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2
Q

Party membership

A

Open

Fluid

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3
Q

Party as an organization

A

National
State
Local

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4
Q

Party in gov’t

A

Elected officials who hold political office

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5
Q

Political parties are an example of a

A

linkage institution

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6
Q

Tasks of Parties

A

Select/Recruit candidates
Run campaigns
Articulate policies & platforms
Coordinate policy-making between executive & legislative branches

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7
Q

How were party candidates nominated during 19th century?

A

Through nomination by leadership

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8
Q

How are party candidates decided?

A

Party membership voting in primary elections

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9
Q

Policy articulation can lead to what?

A

Mobilization & education of voters

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10
Q

Party identification

A

Preference for one political parties over another

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11
Q

“Independents”

A

Voters that align with neither Democrats or Republicans but rather vote for policies not candidates

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12
Q

Straight ticket voting

A

Voter chooses candidates from same political party for every office up to election

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13
Q

Ticket splitting

A

Vote for different political parties for different political offices

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14
Q

Local parties

A

the main party organization in the past

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15
Q

Example of local party

A

Boss Tweed in NY

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16
Q

How did local parties lead to corruption?

A

Urban political machines got vote & rewarded voters for support

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17
Q

Patronage

A

Jobs given to supporters/ campaign contributors

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18
Q

What happened to political machines during Progressive Era?

A

Reforms required jobs to be merit-based

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19
Q

State party

A

Organizations decide the rules for voting

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20
Q

Open primary

A

All voters can vote in the election

Don’t have to be registered with political party

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21
Q

Closed primary

A

Must be registered party member to vote

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22
Q

National convention

A

takes place every 4 years to formally nominate the presidential candidate and to adopt the party platform

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23
Q

National committee

A

Ran by National Chairperson who manages the operations of the party

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24
Q

Tasks of national committee

A

Hires staff
Raise money
Represent party in media
Daily duties of party

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25
Q

Political party in power will have

A

the most influence over public policy

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26
Q

Coalition

A

Individuals & groups that support a party based on party’s performance in office

27
Q

Campaign promises are most likely

28
Q

Not kept promises examples

A

LBJ: Vietnam

Bush #1: Taxes

29
Q

Main factor in not kept promises

A

Losing control of legislative branch

30
Q

Constitution Political parties

A

No mention of political parties in the Constitution

31
Q

Washington’s “Farewell Address”

A

Issued warning about political parties

32
Q

Many other democratic countries have more than

A

Two parties

33
Q

Two-party system

A

Existed for most of American history

34
Q

1st Party System

1796-1824

A

Federalist vs Democratic Republicans

35
Q

Federalist

A

Hamilton & Washington

Favored strong central gov’t (BUS issue)

36
Q

Democratic Republicans

A

Jefferson
Favored strong state gov’t, weaker national gov’t
Agrarian

37
Q

Election of 1800

A

Loyal opposition & rotation of power

38
Q

2nd Party System

1828-1856

A

Whigs vs Democrats

39
Q

Democrats

A

Lead by Jefferson
Expanded suffrage for white males
Elimination of property requirements for voting

40
Q

Whigs

A

Lead by Henry Clay

Formed in opposition of Andrew Jackson

41
Q

Republicans & Democrats

1860-1928

A

Republicans

42
Q

Republican Party

A

Formed in opposition to expansion to expansion of slavery

Post Civil War: Favored high tariffs, internal improvements, etc.

43
Q

Democrats

A

Control south & urban areas

44
Q

New Deal Coalition

1932-1964

A

Great Depression & election of 1932 led to shift in party loyalties

45
Q

Democratic party

A

Lead by FDR

Supported increased gov’t involvement

46
Q

New Deal Coalition made up of

A

Urban residents
Unions
Poor
African Americans

47
Q

Impact of New Deal Coalition

A

Kept Democrats in power until 1964

LBJ’s Great Society

48
Q

What caused the end of New Deal Coalition?

A

Battle over Vietnam War and civil rights policies

49
Q

Southern Realignment

1968-Present

A

Nixon wins presidency in 1968

Support for states’ rights, law & order, strong military

50
Q

What happened to demographics during Southern Realignment?

A

Southern white voters left Democrats ever since Democrats supported civil rights in 1948

51
Q

Era of Divided Party Gov’t

A

Different parties control the executive & legislative branches

52
Q

Political Dealignment

A

Voters moving away from both parties

53
Q

Third parties

A

Any parties that isn’t the two main parties

54
Q

Three types of 3rd parties

A

Causes parties
Offshoots of major parties
Individual aspirations

55
Q

Causes parties

A

Promote a certain issue (prohibition, anti-abortion,etc.)

56
Q

Offshoots of major parties

A

Teddy ran in 1912 under the Progressive Party

57
Q

Individual aspirations

A

Party that forms around an individual trying to get elected

58
Q

How can third parties shape and outcome debate?

A

Splitting the vote

Forcing issues into national debate

59
Q

Why only two parties?

A

US has a winner-take-all system, first past the post, etc.

60
Q

Other countries have a

A

proportional representation

61
Q

Responsible party model

A

Belief that majority party present a distinct, comprehensive governing program and commit toward its implementation
Majority party would accept responsibility for its policies

62
Q

What is a flaw of the responsible party model?

A

Political parties are tremendous complex and oftentimes do not agree on party platforms

63
Q

Blue Dog Democrats

A

Refers to Northern Democrats that is much more liberal than Southern Democrats

64
Q

Why is it hard to enforce party unity and voting in the US?

A

Weak party leadership

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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