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AP Civics & Government > IX - Nominations, Campaigns, Voting Behavior > Flashcards

IX - Nominations, Campaigns, Voting Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Nomination

A

Official political party endorsement for office

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2
Q

Primary election

A

Nominees are usually chosen by political party

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3
Q

General elecetion

A

decides who will get to serve in office

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4
Q

Elections in the US typically

A

lasts a long time

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5
Q

National Party Convention held

A

every 4 years

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6
Q

Responsibilities of National PArty Convention

A

Formally nominates President & Vice President

Adopt the party’s platform

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7
Q

Party nominee for president is known

A

before national convention

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8
Q

Party nominee is based on

A

primary election results

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9
Q

Primary election is a competition for

A

delegates

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10
Q

Superdelegates

A

Individuals who are automatically delegates to the convention due to their being a member of Congress or party’s national committee

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11
Q

Invisible primary

A

takes place out of public eye & well before primary voting begins

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12
Q

Most states hold ——- ——— but a small number conduct ——–

A

Primary elections

Caucuses

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13
Q

Caucus

A

Meeting in which citizens debate and vote on a nominee

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14
Q

First state to hold caucus

A

Iowa

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15
Q

Presidential primary

A

Citizens vote for their choice for candidate

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16
Q

First state to hold presidential primary election

A

New Hampshire

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17
Q

Early primaries/caucuses

A

Attraction attention from supporters & donor

Does not guarantee a candidate will stay the front-runner

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18
Q

Two main types of primaries

A

Proportional

Winner take all

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19
Q

Pros of Primary & Caucus system

A

Made the nominee selection process much more democratic

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20
Q

Cons of Primary & Caucus system

A

Disproportionate amount of attention spent on early primary & caucus states
Candidates often neglect their duties while campaigning
Lots of money spent on these early contests
Low Voter turnout & voters are unrepresentative of party members views
Too much power to media

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21
Q

Convention Send-Off

A

Before national convention, it is known who will be the nominee

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22
Q

National Convention has become an infomercial for the party by

A

Messaging
Getting pumped
Platy platform

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23
Q

Campaigning is

A

highly orchestrated
uses high-tech media
Cultivating an image to the votes

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24
Q

Ways a campaign can reach potential voters

A

Televisions
Internet/ social media
Direct mail

25
Q

Candidates can get attention through

A

Advertising

News Coverage

26
Q

Effective campaigns often have

A 
Campaign manager
Media consultants
Fundraisers
Policy advisors & researchers
Pollsters
Press Secretary
Lawyers
Campaign support staff
Website/ Social Media crew
Volunteers
27
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act (1974)

A

Established the Federal Election Commission
Required candidates to disclose publicly who gave them money and how money was used
Placed limits on individual and interest group contributions
Created a fund for public financing of elections

28
Q

Soft money contributions

A

Money given to a party rather than a candidate Originally not prohibited

29
Q

McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance Reform Act(2002)

A

Prohibited soft money contributions

30
Q

527 grousp

A

Emerge as a way to influence elections

31
Q

Groups can spend unlimited money as long as they do so

A

Independently with not coordination with the campaign

Do not explicitly endorse a candidate

32
Q

501(c) groups

A

Do not have to publicly disclose donor names or amount of donations

33
Q

Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010)

A

Money equals speech
Corporations are people
Prohibiting electioneering was violation of speech rights
Rise of Super PACS

34
Q

Super PACS

A

independent expenditure-only political committees that may receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, labor unions and other political action committees for the purpose of financing independent expenditures and other independent political activity

35
Q

Campaigns serve three main purposes

A

Activation
Reinforcement
Conversion

36
Q

Activation

A

Inspire citizens to not only vote but also to contribute time & money to a candidates

37
Q

Reinforcement

A

Reinforce a voter’s preference for a candidate

38
Q

Connversion

A

Changing voters’ minds

39
Q

Campaigns predominantly

A

Reinforce & activate

40
Q

Conversions are rare beccause

A

Selection perception
Party identification
Incumbent advantage phenomenon

41
Q

Incumbent advantage phenomenon

A

Those that are in a position are more likely to receive more votes than new candidates

42
Q

Throughout American history there has been a

A

slow expansion of suffrage

43
Q

Amendments relating to suffrage

A

15th, 17th, 19th, 24th, 26th

44
Q

Small percentage of the electorate choose to

A

exercise their right to vote

45
Q

Voter registration

A

differs state by state

46
Q

Voter ID laws in some states require voters to

A

show a gov’t issued photo ID when voting

47
Q

Factors in voting

A

Education

Age

48
Q

Party loyalty has

A

Eroded since the 1960s

Rise of independent voters

49
Q

Different Models of Voting Behavior

A

Rational-choice
Retrospective
Prospective
Party-line

50
Q

Rational-choice voting

A

Voting base don what is perceived to be in the citizens’ individual interest

51
Q

Retrospective voting

A

Voting to decide whether the party ot candidate in power shoiuld be re-elected based on the recent past

52
Q

Prospective voting

A

Voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future

53
Q

Party-line voting

A

Supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices across the ballot

54
Q

Electoral College

A

Decides the winner of the presidential election

55
Q

Winner-take-all allocation

A

Which candidates gets the most votes get all the state’s electoral votes

56
Q

Proportional allocation occurs in

A

Maine and Nebraska

57
Q

Campaigns focus on

A

battleground states

58
Q

battleground states

A

states that have split support for Democratic and Republican candidates in recent presidential election cycles

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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