V - Civic Rights

Question 1

Affirmative action

Answer 1

Use of programs & policies designed to assist groups that have historically been subject to discrimination

Question 2

American Indian Movement

Answer 2

The Native American civil rights group responsible for occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973

Question 3

Black codes

Answer 3

Laws passed immediately after Civil War that discriminated against freed slaves and other blacks and deprived them of their rights

Question 4

Brown v Board of Education

Answer 4

the 1954 SCOTUS ruling that struck down Plessy v Ferguson and declared segregation and ‘separate but equal” to be unconstitutional in public education

Question 5

Chicano

Answer 5

Term adopted by some Mexican American civil rights activists to describe themselves and those like them

Question 6

Civil disobedience

Answer 6

Action taken in violation of the letter of the law to demonstrate that the law is unjust

Question 7

Comparable worth

Answer 7

Doctrine calling for the same pay for workers whose jobs require the same level of education, responsibility, training, or working conditions

Question 8

Coverture

Answer 8

Legal status of married women in which their separate legal identities were erased

Question 9

de facto segregation

Answer 9

segregation that results from private choices of individuals

Question 10

de jure segregation

Answer 10

segregation that results from gov’t discrimination

Question 11

Direct action

Answer 11

Civil rights campaigns that directly confronted segregationist practices through public demonstrations

Question 12

Disenfranchisement

Answer 12

Revocation of someone’s right to vote

Question 13

Equal protection clause

Answer 13

Provision of 14th Amendment tha requires the states to treat all residents equally under the law

Question 14

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 14

Proposed amendment to the Constitution that would have prohibited all discrimination based on sex

Question 15

Glass ceiling

Answer 15

Invisible barrier caused by discrimination that prevents women from rising to highest levels of an organization-including corporations, gov’ts, academic institutions, and religious organizations

Question 16

Grandfather clause

Answer 16

The provision in some southern states that allowed illiterate whites to vote because their ancestors had been able to vote before the 15th Amendment was ratified

Question 17

Hate crime

Answer 17

Harassment, bullying, or other criminal acts directed against someone because of bias against that person’s sex, gender, sexual orientation, religion, race, ethnicity, or disability

Question 18

Intermediate scrutiny

Answer 18

Standard used by courts to decide cases of discrimination based on gender and sex
Burden of proof is on gov’t to demonstrate an important governmental interest is at stake in treating men differently from women

Question 19

Jim Crow laws

Answer 19

State and local laws that promoted racial segregation and undermined black voting rights in the south after Reconstruction

Question 20

Literacy tests

Answer 20

Tests that required the prospective voter in some states to be able to read a passage of text and answer questions about it
Often used as a way to disenfranchise racial or ethnic minorities

Question 21

Plessy v Ferguson

Answer 21

the 1896 SCOTUS ruling that allowed “separate by equal” racial segregation under the equal protection clause of 14th Amendment

Question 22

Poll tax

Answer 22

Annual tax imposed by some states before a person was allowed to vote

Question 23

Rational basis test

Answer 23

Standard used by courts to decide most forms of discrimination
Burden of proof is on those challenging the law or action to demonstrate there is no good reason for treating them differently from other citizens

Question 24

Reconstruction

Answer 24

Period from 1865 to 1877 during which the gov’ts of Confederate states were reorganized prior to being readmitted to the Union

Question 25

Stonewall Inn

Answer 25

bar in Greenwich Village, NY, where the modern Gay Pride movement began after rioters protested the police treatment of the LGBT community there

Question 26

Strict scrutiny

Answer 26

Standard used by courts to decide cases of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion
Burden of proof is on gov’t to demonstrate a compelling gov’t interest is at stake and no alternative means are available to accomplish its goals

Question 27

Title IX

Answer 27

Section of the US Education Amendments of 1972 that prohibits discrimination in education on basis of sex

Question 28

Trail of Tears

Answer 28

Name given to forced migration of Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838-1839

Question 29

Understanding tests

Answer 29

Tests requiring prospective voters in some states to be able to explain the meaning of a passage of text or to answer questions related to citizenship
Often used as a way to disenfranchise black voters

Question 30

White primary

Answer 30

Primary election in which only whites are allowed to vote