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AP Civics & Government > VI - Public Opinions & Political Actions > Flashcards

VI - Public Opinions & Political Actions Flashcards

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1
Q

US is a very

A

diverse nation

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2
Q

Diversity makes study of American public opinion

A

complex

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3
Q

Widely held political ideologies shape

A

policy debates & choices in American politics

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4
Q

Census

A

Allows us to understand demographic changes in America

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5
Q

1st census was conducted in

A

1790

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6
Q

Actual enumeration

A

Constitutional requirement that gov’t conduct census of the American population every 10 years

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7
Q

Why is the census important?

A

Determines distribution of federal funds

Determines number of representatives each state gets

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8
Q

US is a nation of

A

immigrants

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9
Q

Immigration creates a

A

multicultural & multilingual society

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10
Q

Different groups have ———– many basic American values.

A

assimilated

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11
Q

Melting pot

A

different cultures blend into one

Contrast “salad bowl”

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12
Q

Different phases of immigration

A

Old immigrants
New immigrants
Post 1965

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13
Q

Old immigrants

A

Northern & western Europe

England, Ireland, & Germany

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14
Q

New immigrants

A

Southern & Eastern Europe

Italy, Russia, Poland

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15
Q

Post 1965

A

Latin American & Asia

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16
Q

Historically, the largest minority group in the Us has been

A

African Americans

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17
Q

However 2000 census revealed that

A

Latino population outnumbered the African Americans

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18
Q

Minority majority

A

American will soon no longer have a white majority

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19
Q

Open immigration policy

A

Occurred until about the 1870s

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20
Q

Restrictions on immigration

A

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

National Origins Act (1924)

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21
Q

US immigration has occurred in waves with

A

peaks followed by troughs

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22
Q

Immigration & Nationality Act (1965)

A

Terminated the quotas previously set and allowing immigrants from different nations to come to America

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23
Q

Reapportionament

A

Reallocating House of Representatives seats after each census

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24
Q

Regional shift since WWII

A

Move from “rust belt” (NE) states to “sunbelt” (South & West)

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25
Q

Which demographic is the fastest growing?

A

Citizens over age of 65 - Baby Boomers (born between 1945-1960s)

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26
Q

What is causing this?

A

Advances in medicine

Lower fertility rate

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27
Q

What is the consequence of this demographic change?

A

Social Security is the 2nd most costly public program

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28
Q

Political socialization

A

How individuals learn or develop their political beliefs

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29
Q

Process of political socialization

A

Family
School/Peers
Mass Media
Social Env’ts

30
Q

Family

A

Oftentimes a major influencer of political socialization

31
Q

School/Peers

A

Attending schools plays a major role in political socialization

32
Q

Mass Media

A

Influence of traditional media and social media on political beliefs

33
Q

Social env’t

A

Civic, employment, religious organizations

34
Q

Political socialization in older generations

A

More involved in politics

More attached to their political beliefs they become

35
Q

Public opinion

A

What people believe or think they know about politics & policy issues

36
Q

Polls

A

Used to measure public opinion

37
Q

Gallup polls

A

Relies on taking a sample of the population

38
Q

Sample

A

Small proportion of people are chosen as representatives of the whole

39
Q

Random sampling

A

Everyone should have an equal probability of being selected

40
Q

Pros of polls

A

Politicians can know opinions on issues

41
Q

Cons of polls

A

Politicians can become more concerned about following than leading

42
Q

Bandwagon effect

A

A population may tend to vote one way or another when a tendency arises in one candidate

43
Q

Wording of poll questions can

A

Influence results through wording bias

44
Q

Exit polls

A

Voters are asked questions just after they have voted

45
Q

Average American has a

A

Lower level of political knowledge than citizens of many other countries

46
Q

General core values the nation should uphold

A

individualism
free enterprise
Rule of law
limited gov’t

47
Q

Core values can be interpreted

A

differently by each demographic

48
Q

Since the 1960’s there has been a

A

Decline of trust in the gov’t

49
Q

Reasons for decline of trust

A

Vietnam War, Gulf of Tonkin, Tet Offensive, Pentagon Papers
Watergate
Iran Hostage Crisis

50
Q

Political idelogy

A

Coherent set of values & beliefs about public policy

51
Q

Conservatives

A

Tend to favor a small national gov’t

Tend to support less regulation of marketplace

52
Q

Demographics in conservatives

A

Older voters
Wealthier voters
More religious voters

53
Q

Liberals

A

Tend to favor a larger national gov’t to address social & economic problems
Tend to support gov’tal regulation of market

54
Q

Demographics in liberals

A

Under 30 years old
Minorities
Women

55
Q

Libertarians

A

Little to no gov’t regulation

56
Q

Many voters do not vote along

A

ideological lines

57
Q

Political participation

A

Activities citizen use to influence the selection of political leaders or policies they pursue

58
Q

Political participation examples

A 
Voting
Protesting
Writing letters
Starting petitions
Filing lawsuits
Rallies
59
Q

Conventional participation

A

Many widely accepted ways of influencing gov’t such as voting, running for office, door to door campaigning, signing petitions, etc.

60
Q

Unconventional participation

A

Actions such as protesting, boycotts, civil disobedience, etc.

61
Q

Protesting seeks to achieve policy change through

A

dramatoc action

62
Q

Civil disobedience

A

Act of deliberately breaking a law that an individual thinks is unjust

63
Q

Letter from a Birminghamd Jail

A

Written by MLK during nonviolent civil disobedience and influenced by Henry David Thoreau (1840’s)

64
Q

Individuals of higher socioeconomic status tend to be more

A

Politically active

65
Q

Minority groups typically are

A

Below average in terms of political participation

66
Q

When minorities and white voters of equal incomes & educations are compared

A

people of color participate more in politics

67
Q

Voting means politicians

A

Pay attention to the needs of a particular group

68
Q

People often have

A

contradictory positions about role of gov’t

69
Q

There is a general belie that gov’t is

A

too big

70
Q

But many Americans support

A

increased spending on programs for education, healthcare, crime prevention, en’t, and other issues

71
Q

Americans are known as

A

ideological conservatives but operational liberals

72
Q

Protest in America is typically aimed at

A

getting the attention of gov’t not at attempting to overthrow it

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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