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AP Civics & Government > I - Intro to Government > Flashcards

I - Intro to Government Flashcards

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1
Q

Government

A

Institutions that make public policy decisions for a society

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2
Q

Different levels of government

A

Federal/National
State
Local

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3
Q

Questions about government

A

How should we govern?

What should government do?

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4
Q

The US has a

A

Democratic republic

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5
Q

Government should be able to

A 
Collect taxes
Provide for national defense
Preserve order
Provide public goods & services
Socialize the young
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6
Q

What is the importance of politics?

A

Determines who we select as our government leaders

and policies the leaders pursue

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7
Q

Politics

A

struggle over who gets what, when, and how

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8
Q

What

A

Policies passed

Taxes, programs,etc.

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9
Q

Who

A

Citizens, political parties, candidates, etc.

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10
Q

How

A

Voting, lobbying, protesting, etc.

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11
Q

Political participation

A

Ways people get involved in politics

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12
Q

A problem in political participation is

A

Voter apathy among young people

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13
Q

Why does voter apathy exist in the younger population?

A

Older voters mobilized around issues such as Social Security (1935), New Deal, Medicare/ Great Society that directly impact them

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14
Q

Single-issue group

A

Individuals who support a candidate due to position on particular issue

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15
Q

Single-issue group example

A

Anti-abortion groups

Gun control groups

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16
Q

Policymaking system

A

Process by which policy comes into being & evolves over time

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17
Q

What makes up the policymaking system?

A 
People
Linkage institutions
Policy agenda
Policymaking institutions
Policy
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18
Q

People

A

Interests,
Problems,
Concerns

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19
Q

Linkage institutions

A

Parties
Elections
Media
Interest groups

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20
Q

Policy agenda

A

Political issues

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21
Q

Policymaking institutions

A

Legislatures
executive
Courts
Bureaucracy

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22
Q

Policy

A 
Expenditures
Taxes
Laws
Regulations
Nondisclosure
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23
Q

People

A

Impact of policies

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24
Q

People and policies are

A

two-way

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25
Q

Citizens interests can be expressed through

A

political parties
Elections
Interests groups
Media

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26
Q

Democracy in action

A

Voting
Political parties
Interest groups
Protest

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27
Q

Linkage institutions

A

Way people get concerns, problems, and interests transmitted to government policymakers

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28
Q

Examples of linkage institutions

A

Political parties
elections
Interest groups
Mass media

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29
Q

Linkage institutions shape the government’s

A

policy agenda

30
Q

Policy agenda

A

Issues that attract the attention of public officials

31
Q

Political issues

A

Result of disagreement about a problem or the public policy to fix it

32
Q

Types of policymaking institution

A

Legislative
Executive
Judicial

33
Q

What is the unofficial branch of the government?

A

Bureaucracy

Various federal agencies

34
Q

Policies are made by

A

multiple policymaking institution due to checks & balances

35
Q

Policies must have

A

a goal to be effective

36
Q

Forms of public policy

A 
Statues/ laws
Presidential actions
Court decisions
Budgetary choices
Regulations
37
Q

Policy impacts

A

Effects that a policy has on people and problems in society

38
Q

US is a

A

representative democracy

39
Q

Representative democracy

A

Elect representatives to vote on policy issues

40
Q

People select policymakers and organize a gov’t to

A

Reflect policy preferences of the citizenry

41
Q

Key principles of democratic process

A 
Effective participation
Enlightened understanding
Equality in voting
Citizen control of agenda
Inclusion
42
Q

Effective participation

A

Everyone has equal chance to influence policy agenda

43
Q

Enlightened understanding

A

Free speech & freedom of press

44
Q

Equality in voting

A

One person, one vote

45
Q

Citizen control of agenda

A

No one group should control the policy agenda

46
Q

Inclusion

A

access to citizenship for all residents of democratic nation

47
Q

Majority rule

A

Concept that greater number reflect greater power

48
Q

Minority rights

A

Basic rights & liberties of minorities must also be protected

49
Q

Founding fathers feared

A

giving people many of democratic rights we have today

50
Q

Participatory democracy

A

Emphasizes broad participation in politics

51
Q

Pluralist democracy

A

Various groups strive to impact political decision making

52
Q

Characteristics in pluralist democracy

A

Interest groups shape & influence public policy

Competition among many organized groups

53
Q

Hyper-pluralist theory

A

Excessive influence of many competing groups leads to muddled policy or/and inaction

54
Q

What is the consequences of a hyper-pluralist gov’t?

A

Gov’t can’t function

55
Q

Elite democracy

A

Decisions are made by elected representatives that acts as trustees of public good

56
Q

Characteristics of elite democracy

A 
Powerful few dominate politics
Upper class elites control gov't
57
Q

Elements of American democracy

LEILRP

A 
Liberty
Egalitarianism
Individualism
Laissez-faire
Rule of law
Populism
58
Q

Liberty

A

freedom/ limited gov’t
Huge emphasis on American values
But how much freedom

59
Q

Egalitarianism

A

Equality of opportunity
No nobility
But Americans have never been equal

60
Q

Individualism

A

Everyone can get ahead on their own

Western expansion & immigration

61
Q

Laissez-faire

A

free enterprise

Support for free markets & limited federal gov’t

62
Q

Rule of law

A

All people & institutions are subject to laws that are fairly applied & equally enforced

63
Q

Populism

A

Supporting the rights

of average citizens against privileged elites

64
Q

Continued debate about —– & —- – —- in modern America

A

Scope

Role of gov’t

65
Q

How does gov’t play a huge role in modern society?

A

Gov’t spends 1/3 GDP
Employed millions of people
Addressed many societal issues

66
Q

Challenges to democracy

A 
Lack of civic participation
Complexity of issues
Impact of money
Diverse political interests
Sharp polarization
Mass media
67
Q

Issues in America

A 
terrorism
immigration
energy
education
environment
68
Q

Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010)

A

Political spending by corporations, unions, and other associations is protected political speech

69
Q

What leads to policy gridlock?

A

Diverse political interests

70
Q

Sharp polarization of American politics

A

Liberal vs Conservatives

culture wars

71
Q

Mass media

A

proliferation of ideologically oriented programming

fake news websites

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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