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AP Civics & Government > V - Civic Rights & Public Policies > Flashcards

V - Civic Rights & Public Policies Flashcards

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1
Q

Civil Rights

A

Protections for individuals & groups from discrimination by gov’t or other individuals

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2
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Constitutional protections against the gov’t

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3
Q

The word “equality” was not mentioned in the Constitution until

A

1868

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4
Q

Constitution implied equality because

A

the rights listed were not denied to one group

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5
Q

14th Amendment

A

Forbids states from denying “equal protection of the laws”

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6
Q

Equal protection clause

A

Has often been used to support the advancement of equality

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7
Q

Courts have developed tests/ standards to

A

evaluate whether a law violates the equal protection clause

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8
Q

A law must be reasonable

A

Law must not be arbitrary & reflect legitimate gov’t purpose

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9
Q

Inherently suspect

A

Classifications based on race & ethnicity are seen as inherently suspect

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10
Q

A law that is inherently suspect must be proven by

A

A compelling public interest

Demonstrate no other way to achieve the legitimate purpose of the law

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11
Q

A law that is intermediate scrutiny must

A

discriminate based on gender that have a lower standard to meet

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12
Q

Intermediate scrutiny law example

A

Law that only draft is constitutional

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13
Q

American slavery

A

Lasted nearly 250 years in America

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14
Q

In chattel slavery, slaves were considered to be

A

Properties

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15
Q

Dred Scott v Sanford (1857)

A

Slaves were property with NO legal right under the Constitution

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16
Q

13th Amendment (1865)

A

Banned slavery in US states & territories

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17
Q

Era of Reconstruction (1865-1877)

A

Temporary progress towards racial equality for African Americans

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18
Q

14th Amendment

A

States must protect rights & provide “equal protection of the law” & “due process”
Declared all persons born in the US as citizens

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19
Q

15th Amendment

A

universal male suffrage

Right to vote could not be denied “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

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20
Q

Reconstruction officially ended in

A

the election of 1876

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21
Q

The court has at times

A

Allowed the restriction of civil rights

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22
Q

In the south, Jim Crow laws

A

legalized racial segregation

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23
Q

De jure segregation

A

Segregation mandated by law

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24
Q

De facto segregation

A

Segregation exists, not required by law

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25
Q

De facto segregation occurred

A

largely in the north

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26
Q

Until WWII, segregation was enforced by the federal gov’t in

A

the military

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27
Q

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

A

14th amendment did not prevent private businesses or individuals from racial discrimination

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28
Q

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

A

Segregation was not unconstitutional

“separate but equal”

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29
Q

Truman EO 9981

A

Desegregate the armed forces

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30
Q

Brown vs BoE I (1954)

A

Ruled that race based school segregation violated the 14th amendment’s equal protection clauses
Reversed “separate but equal”

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31
Q

Brown vs BoE II (1955)

A

Public schools must desegregate “with all deliberate speed”

32
Q

Civil rights movement utilized

A

sustained non-violent disobedience to force change

33
Q

Television

A

Helped support for the movement

34
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Discrimination by private business, state, or local gov’t is illegal
Can’t discriminate in pubic accommodation and/or in employment

35
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964 established the

A

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that banned discrimination in employment & investigated violations

36
Q

15th Amendment (1870)

A

guaranteed voting rights to black MEN

37
Q

What methods were used to prevent black men from voting?

A 
Literacy tests
Poll taxes
Grandfather clauses
White primary
Violence/ intimidation
38
Q

24th Amendment (1964)

A

Outlawed collection of poll taxes

39
Q

Voting Rights Act (1965)

A

Ended efforts to prevent African Americans from voting in the south (literacy test banned)
Can’t deny vote to a citizens because of race
Enforced by federal officials

40
Q

Native Americans

A

oldest minority group

41
Q

Dawes Act of 1887

A

Banned Native American religions, required children to go to boarding schools (policy of assimilation)

42
Q

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

A

Granted citizenship and right to vote

American Indian Movement fought discrimination

43
Q

Latinos (Hispanic Americans)

A

Largest minority group

44
Q

Hernandez v Texas (1954)

A

Texas can’t stop Hispanics from serving on juries

45
Q

Present-day immigration issue

A

Undocumented immigration

Immigration policy

46
Q

Asian Americans

A

Also faced various forms of discrimination

47
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act (1883)

A

1st major restriction on immigration- race based

48
Q

Korematsu v US (1944)

A

Internment of over 100,000 Japanese American was constitutional

49
Q

Arab Americans & Muslims

A

Faced increased discrimination following 9/11

50
Q

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

A

Led by

51
Q

19th Amendment (1920)

A

Granted women’s suffrage

52
Q

Post 19th Amendment (1920-1960)

A

Divergent goals of movement
Equality in workplace
Social feminist advocated for morality in public life

53
Q

Equal Rights Amendment (1923)

A

Views by some as threat to family

54
Q

Second Feminist Wave

A

Revitalized women’s movement grew during 1950’s, 1960’s

55
Q

Betty Friedan

A

Created National Organization for Women

Campaigned for Equal Rights Amendment

56
Q

Equal Rights Amendment

A

fell 3 states short of ratification in 1972

57
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Prohibited emplotment gender discrimination

58
Q

Equal Pay Act of 1963

A

Made it illegal to pay men & women different wages if they perform equal work in same workplace

59
Q

Title IX of Education Act of 1972

A

Bans gender discrimination in education programs receiving federal money (including athletics)

60
Q

Sexual Harrassment

A

Prohibited by Civil Rights Act of 1964

Retaliation by employers is illegal

61
Q

Women in military

A

Serve in all branches of military

Only men are required to register for the draft

62
Q

14th Amendment’s equal protection clause

A

Used to fight discrimination

63
Q

Graying of America

A

Some protections against age discrimination

64
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

A

Mandated “reasonable accommodations” to be made for access to public facilities
Prohibited employment discrimination against the disabled

65
Q

Stonewall Riots (1969)

A

Gave rise to modern gay rights movement

66
Q

Bowers v Hardwick (1986)

A

Ruled that states could legally forbid sex between same sex couples

67
Q

Lawrence v Texas (2003)

A

States can’t forbid private sexual conduct since this is a violation of right to privacy

68
Q

“Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy ended in

A

2011

69
Q

Obergefell v Hodges (2015)

A

Same sex couples have a constitutional right to marry

70
Q

Affirmative Action

A

Giving priority to groups who were previously discriminated against

71
Q

Goal of Affirmative Action

A

Increase opportunities

72
Q

Why is Affirmative Action controversial?

A

Considered “reverse discrimination”

73
Q

Regents of University of California v Bakke (1978)

A

UC Davis had quotas for number of disadvantaged groups to be admitted
Court ruled that racial quotas are unconstitutional
But race can be used as a criterion for admission

74
Q

California Proposition 209

A

Banned state affirmative action programs

75
Q

14th Amendment’s requirement that no state denies the “equal protection of the laws” has allowed for

A

substantial progress to be made in the realm of civil rights

76
Q

Protecting & enforcing civil rights has led to a large increase in the

A

Power & size of gov’t

77
Q

What legislations has increased the power & size of gov’t?

A

14th Amendment
Brown v Board of Education
Civil Rights act of 1964
Voting Rights Acts of 1965

AP Civics & Government (36 decks)

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