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RESPI > VIII: Modifications in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance > Flashcards

VIII: Modifications in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

What increases as flow increases

A

Pressure

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2
Q

Increased pressure and flow can result in

A

Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

How is pulmonary edema prevented when there is an increase in flow

A

Through an increase in the number and size of blood vessels

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4
Q

Mechanisms that reduce resistance

A

Recruitment

Distension

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5
Q

Definition of recruitment

A

Opening of pre-existing blood vessels

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6
Q

When does recruitment occur

A

When there is an increase in pressure

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7
Q

What is distension

A

The vasodilation of already developed vessels

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8
Q

When does distension occur

A

When pressure drops

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9
Q

Result of both mechanisms

A

Increased blood flow and avoids high blood pressure and pulmonary edema

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10
Q

Mechanism to improve V/Q ratio during EXERCISE

A

Zones transform into Zone 2 because it has the best ratio of ventilation / perfusion

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of vessels

A

Alveolar vessels

Extra-alveolar vessels

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12
Q

By what are alveolar vessels conditioned

A

By alveolar pressure and alveolar permeability to gas exchange

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13
Q

How are alveolar vessels impacted during deep inspiration

A

During deep inspiration, volume of alveolus increases –> vessel suffers compression –> decrease in diameter of blood vessels –> increase in vascular RESISTANCE

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14
Q

Are extra-alveolar vessels in contact with the alveoli

A

No

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15
Q

Comparison in size during inspiration between alveolar vessels and extra-alveolar vessels

A

Alveolar vessels are compressed during inspiration

Extra-alveolar vessels increase in size during inspiration

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16
Q

How do extra-alveolar vessels react to changes in parenchyma

A

They will increase/decrease in size, elasticity and distensibility

17
Q

Deep forced inspiration effect on alveolar and extra-alveolar vessels

A

Increase in ALVEOLAR PRESSURE –> closure of alveolar blood vessels (due to an increase in alveolar volume) + increased size of extra-alveolar vessels

INCREASED RESISTANCE of alveolar vessels

18
Q

Deep forced expiration effect on alveolar and extra-alveolar blood vessels

A

Increased contraction force –> total closure of extra alveolar blood vessels

INCREASED RESISTANCE of extra-alveolar blood vessels

19
Q

Increased resistance of alveolar vessels occurs during

A

Inspiration

20
Q

Increased resistance of extra-alveolar blood vessels occurs during

A

Expiration

21
Q

If decreased O2 in blood and vasoconstriction are maintained over a period of time, this can result in

A

COPD

RESPI (16 decks)

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