VII: Pulmonary vs Systemic Circulation

Question 1

Why is pulmonary circulation considered a low-pressure system

Answer 1

Right ventricle pressure is less powerful than Left ventricle
Pulmonary vessels are capacitance vessels instead of pressure vessels
Pulmonary circulation is at the level of the heart so there is no compensation for gravity

Question 2

What are capacitance vessels

Answer 2

Vessels that facilitate blood return to the heart

Question 3

How much blood reservoire in pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

What enzyme is presented in lung

Answer 4

ACE that synthesized angiotensin II from angiotensin I

Question 5

Action of lung against thrombi

Answer 5

It is a filter against them

Protects the brain by crushing them

Question 6

Metabolic functions of the lung

Answer 6

Has DPFC which is a main surfactant component

Question 7

Surfactant avoids what pathology

Answer 7

Pulmonary edema

Question 8

Interstitial and capillary hydrostatic pressures causing outflow from capillaries

Answer 8

Interstitial pressure = -8mmHg
Alveolar capillary hydrostatic pressure = 7mmHg
So there is an outflow from the capillary to the lymphs

Question 9

Consequence of lymphatic vessels saturation

Answer 9

Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces

Question 10

Consequence of accummulation in interstitial spaces

Answer 10

Interstitial edema that can reach the alveolus (Alveolar edema)

Question 11

πc is

Answer 11

Capillary oncotic pressure

Question 12

Pch is

Answer 12

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

∏i is

Answer 13

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 14

Decreased πc from

Answer 14

Less protein intake (Hypoproteinemia)

Capillary oncotic pressure

Question 15

Increased Pch

Answer 15

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Favors outflow of capillaries –> pulmonayry edema

Question 16

Pathology causing pulmonary edema

Answer 16

Cardiac pathologies from blood resisting to leave the lung –> increase in pulmonary CAPILLARY pressure
So lymph cannot drain all blood and it accumulates in interstitium
Interstitial edema –> can lead to alveolar edema

Question 17

Definition of edema

Answer 17

Swelling of tissue

Question 18

Increase in πi

Answer 18

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Caused by increased capillary permeability (pneumonia)

Question 19

Alterations in surface tension lead to

Answer 19

Alveoli collapse

Question 20

Oncotic pressure definition

Answer 20

Forces that pushes fluids INTO blood capillaries

Question 21

Hydrostatic pressure definition

Answer 21

Force that pushes fluids OUT of the blood capillaries

Question 22

What other pathology asides from changes in pressure can cause fluid accummulation in interstitium

Answer 22

Neoplasm (tissue growth) of lung structures that causes alterations in flow of lymphatic vessels, preventing proper drainage