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RESPI > IV: Lung Dynamics > Flashcards

IV: Lung Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Rib cage TENDS to

A

Expand

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2
Q

Lungs ALWAYS

A

Retract

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3
Q

What is the cause of pneumothorax

A

Removal of the negative pressure from pleura –> too much retraction

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4
Q

When will the rib cage start contracting

A

At maximum inspiration, it will stop expanding and will start contracting

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5
Q

In minimal insuflation

A

Retraction (alveolus) > expansion (thoracic cage)

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6
Q

In resting respiratory volume

A

Retraction (alveolus) = expansion (thoracic cage), F=0

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7
Q

In deep breathing

A

Retraction alveolus (alveolus)&raquo_space; Expansion (thoracic cage)

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8
Q

When is there more retraction of alveolus

A

Deep breathing

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9
Q

At what % will the rib cage start retracting and stop expanding to avoid bursting

A

At 60%

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10
Q

When does functional residual capacity occur

A

At the end of normal expiration, when barometric and alveolar pressures both = 0

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11
Q

Behavior of pressure at high volumes

A

Positive pressure

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12
Q

Behavior of pressure at low volumes

A

Pressure negative, drops below atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

What must be true between the 2 ends of airway for air to flow

A

There must be a pressure difference between the two ends

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14
Q

Laminar type of flow

A

Slow flow in the same direction

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15
Q

Where is velocity the greatest at a laminar flow

A

At the middle

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16
Q

Transition type of flow

A

Very fast flow with variable direction of flow

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17
Q

What section of airway is characterized by transitional flow

A

Branching airways

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18
Q

Turbulent type of flow

A

Fastest flow because flow does not follow a linear direction

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19
Q

Poiseuillle’s equation application to turbulent flow explanation of why is it present at upper airways

A

High radius increases Q, which means that there will faster flow at those areas
Upper airways

20
Q

Order of flow from slowest to fastest

A

Laminar < transitional < turbulent

21
Q

Flow will directly depend on

A

Reynolds number

22
Q

Reynolds number will be directly proportional to the

A

Radius

23
Q

What Reynold number will determine a turbulent flow

A

R > 2000

24
Q

How is resistance impacted by a decrease in radius

A

Decrease in radius will increase resistance

R = 8nL/∏r4

25
Q

Relationship between resistance and radius

A

Inversely proportional

Increase in radius will decrease resistance
Decrease in radius will increase resistance (smaller airways)

26
Q

Where is the highest resistance located

A

At bronchi

27
Q

Total resistance =

A

Sum of resistors

28
Q

At distal branches, total resistance =

A

Sum of inverses

29
Q

Why do medium sized bronchi have the greatest resistance instead of bronquioles

A

Because even though bronquioles have the smallest radius, there are so many of them that the total resistance is small (air is distributed in many airways)

30
Q

What has to be overcome during inhalation

A

Flow resistance + elastic retraction

31
Q

What has to be overcome during exhalation

A

Flow resistance

32
Q

Why doesn’t elastic retraction have to be overcome in exhalation

A

Because enough energy has been accummulated in inspiration that with that is enough

33
Q

During inspiration, Pintrapleural follows the curve

A

ABC

34
Q

INSPIRATION The work in lung is showed in curve

A

ABCD

35
Q

INSPIRATION Work to overcome elastic force

A

AECD

36
Q

INSPIRATION Work to overcome resistance

A

ABCEA

37
Q

EXPIRATION work to overcome resistance

A

AECFA

38
Q

Work lost in heat

A

AECFA - AECD

39
Q

Atmospheric pressure value

A

760mmHg –> 0mmHg

40
Q

Pressure of alveolus

A

Initially < 0 to allow air into airways

But once inspiration has deceased, turns + to allow expiration

41
Q

Pintrapleural is always

A

NEGATIVE

42
Q

Definition of Ptranspulmonary

A

Difference of pressures between alveolar and intrapleural

43
Q

Ptranspulmonary is always

A

POSITIVE

44
Q

Alveolar P +/- during inspiration

A

-

45
Q

Alveolar P +/- during expiration

A

+

RESPI (16 decks)

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