VIII. Evolution

Question 1

Mechanisms of action of natural selection

Answer 1

• Competition of resources and habitats
• Predators
• Survival of the fittest

Question 2

Species?

Answer 2

A group of organism s that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Source of genetic diversity?

Answer 3

1. Mutations are changes in the DNA. A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations.
2. Gene flow is any movement of genes from one population to another and is an important source of genetic variation.
3. Sex can introduce new gene combinations into a population. This genetic shuffling is another important source of genetic variation.
4. Environmental change (species and populations)

Question 4

What are the mechanism of species origin?

Answer 4

-Evolution -> leads to branching -> separation (sepeciallization) -> Transformation ->Natural selection

Question 5

Similarities between humans and apes

Answer 5

• Share 95% of the same DNA
• socializing
• Facial expression
• Eat plants and meat
• walk on 2 feet
• use tools

Question 6

Differences between humans and apes

Answer 6

• The human brain (in volume is much bigger)
• Human brains are much more winkled
• Humans talk with words a lot
• Apes have no concept of sexual jealousy or competition, as they do not take long-term partners

Question 7

changes of humans during evolution

Answer 7

One of the earliest defining human traits, bipedalism – the ability to walk on two legs – evolved over 4 million years ago. Other important human characteristics – such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language – developed more recently. Many advanced traits – including complex symbolic expression, art, and elaborate cultural diversity – emerged mainly during the past 100,000 years.

Question 8

Give examples of adaptation of selected species to its living environment

Answer 8

Peppered Moth: changed fur color due to industrial revolutio, from white to black
Pesticide-resistant Insects: insects gain immunity to the chemicals
Deer mouse: change fure color form brown to white, due to change of habitat (from forest to sand)