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Entrance examination Silesia > I. Chemical structures. II: Structure and function of the cell > Flashcards

I. Chemical structures. II: Structure and function of the cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is an inorganic component of organism and give an example

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon

e.g. H2O, CO2, CO these are exeptions, but are inorganic

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2
Q

What is an organic component of organism and give an example

A 
Organic compounds that contain carbon, or any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compound whose molecules contain carbon. It is found in living organisms.
e.g. sugar, fat
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3
Q

What is a biogenetic element?

A

Chemical elements that are constantly present in organisms and are having definite biological significance

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4
Q

The role of oxygen (biogenetic element)?

A

Used in cell respiration in order to produce energy, ATP (aerobic cell respiration)

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5
Q

The role of phosphorus (biogenetic element)?

A

The backbone of DNA

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6
Q

The role of sulfur (biogenetic element)?

A

It is a key component in most proteins due to the fact that it is the amino acids methionine and cysteine

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7
Q

The role of nitrogen (biogenetic element)?

A

It is a key compounent in proteins (found in amino acids)

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8
Q

The role of hydrogen (biogenetic element)?

A

It makes up water and it present in all organic compounds

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9
Q

The role of carbon (biogenetic element)?

A

It is found in all organic compounds

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10
Q

What are macroelements and what is their role?

A

Molecules the body needs in relatively large amounts

e.g. vitamins, proteins, traces

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11
Q

What are microelements and what is their role?

A

Molecules the body needs in relative small amounts

e.g. Na, Mg

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12
Q

What is the role of water for living organism?

A

cooling, it has high boiling points (it is important for the survival of organism), it is less dence in solid form (ice) because it maintaince the habitats of organism such as for example fish

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13
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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14
Q

Give examples of disaccharides

A

lactose
maltose
sucrose

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15
Q

Give examples of polysaccharides

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose

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16
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - glucose

A

energy source

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17
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - fructose

A

sugar in fruits

18
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - ribose

A

RNA

19
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - deoxyribose

A

DNA

20
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - sucrose

A

sugar in plants

21
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - starch

A

energy storage in plants

22
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - glycogen

A

sugar/enegy storage in humans (mammals)

23
Q

Role of given carbohydrates for living organisms - cellulose

A

makes plant´s cell wall strong

24
Q

Role and structure of lipids

A

Role: long term energy storage, protection of organs
Structure: large carbon chain, Hydrophobic (not water soluble)

25
Q

Whats a peptide bonsd?

A

The bond that forms when 2 amino acids join together

26
Q

Biological role of proteins?

A 
Structural support
bodily movement (muscles)
defense against germs (antibodies)
metabolism (enzymes)
hormonal proteins
storage proteins
transport proteins
27
Q

Characteristics of proteins - Albumins

A

globular, water-soluble, un-glycosylated serum protein

28
Q

Characteristics of proteins - Globulins

A

insoluble in water, soluble in saline solutions

29
Q

Characteristics of proteins - Histones

A

play a role in packing DNA, dilute acid soluble basic proteins, insoluble in water

30
Q

Characteristics of proteins - Metalloproteins

A

protein metal-binding sites are responsible for catalyzing photosynthesis, water oxidation, respiration, molecular oxygen reduction and nitrogen fixation

31
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A

(bacteria and archea)
no membrane bound organelles
no nucleus
naked DNA

32
Q

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

(animal cell, plant cell, fungi, protists)
have a nucleus
have proteins attached to DNA
have embrane bound to organelles

33
Q

Function of cell membranes

A

contolles what enters and leaves the cell

34
Q

Role of nucleus

A

region of DNA

35
Q

Role of mitochondria

A

produce ATP

36
Q

Role of chloroplast

A

part of photosynthesis

37
Q

Role of vacuole

A

give strength to the plant to stand up against gravitation, also used for storage

38
Q

Role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

a site of protein synthesis

39
Q

Role of cytoskeleton

A

it is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cell´s cytoplasm.
-it gives the shape and mechanical resistance to deformation

40
Q

Cell movement?

A
  • Protein pumps and channels for active transport
  • endocytosis
  • exosytosis: phagocytosis (solids), pinocytosis (liquids)

Entrance examination Silesia (22 decks)

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