8. Nonmetals

Question 1

chemical characteristics of nonmetals – reactions with oxygen, hydrogen, and metals

Answer 1

• Group 7 are very reactive non-metals, reactivity decrease down the group.
• They form ionic compounds with metals or covalent compounds with other non-metals

Question 2

non-metals + water =?

Answer 2

acid + oxygen

Question 3

non-metal + hydrogen =?

Answer 3

acid

Question 4

non-metal + metal =?

Answer 4

salt

Question 5

Acid oxides

Answer 5

React with bases to form salts, react with water to produce acids. Acidic oxides act as acids when they dissolve in water and form acid solution. Ex. CO2, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid:

CO2 (g) + H2O (l)->H2CO3 (aq)

Question 6

Basic oxides

Answer 6

Basic oxides: React with acids to produce salts, if soluble, react with water to produce alkaline solutions, and do not react with alkaline solutions. Basic oxides are generally formed by metals. They react with water and act as bases to form basic solution. Ex. Na2O, it react with water to form sodium dioxide:

Na2O (aq) + H2O (l)-> 2 NaOH (aq)

Question 7

Neutral oxides

Answer 7

Neutral oxides: Oxides that do not show either acids or base properties, when they react with water, ex. CO and NO. Also do not form salt when they react with acids or bases. They are neutral.

Question 8

Acid + metal -> ?

Answer 8

salt + hydrogen, more reactive metals in group 1 will react more readily with acids with more reactive nonmetals.

Question 9

Acid + metal oxide ->?

Answer 9

salt + water

Question 10

Acid + metal hydroxides ->?

Answer 10

salt + water, these kind of reactions are neutralization reactions because the metal hydroxides could be bases, that when it reacts with acids it forms salt.

Question 11

Reaction with weaker acids salts:

Acid + wear acid salt->?

Answer 11

salt + acid

Question 12

Oxidizing characteristics of acids

Answer 12

• An oxidizing acid is Bronsted acid that is a strong oxidizing agent.
• Acidic proton can be reduced to hydrogen gas
• Strong oxidizing agents can oxidize certain less reactive metals such as copper Cu, in which the active oxidizing agent is not the H+ ions
• Sometimes the concentration of the acid is a factor for it to be strongly oxidizing ex. dilute sulfuric acid has no reaction with copper, but concentrated sulfuric acid, the highly acidic environment and high concentration of sulfate ions allow the sulfate ions to act as an oxidizing agent.

Question 13

obtaining of salts

Answer 13

Acids can obtain salts by its reactions with metals, metal oxides, hydroxides (bases), weaker acid salts and carbonate. When acids obtain these salts, same time it neutralizes.