4. Chemical kinetics and statics 5. Solutions and reactions in water solutions

Question 1

Define activation energy

Answer 1

The energy required for a reaction to participate

Question 2

Define exothermic

Answer 2

a reaction that release energy in the form of heat (breaking bonds)

Question 3

Define endothermic

Answer 3

a chemical reaction that is accompanied by the absorption of heat, or an organism that generates heat to maintain its temperature (making bonds)

Question 4

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 4

reactants are converted to products and products are converted to reactants at an equal and constant rate.

Question 5

Equilibrium constant

Answer 5

The equilibrium constant, K, expresses the relationship between products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit (it tells the position of the equilibrium)

Question 6

What is a Brönsted-Lowry acid and base?

Answer 6

Acid: proton (H+) donor
Base: proton (H+) acceptor

Question 7

Definition of solution

Answer 7

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 8

Definition of colloid

Answer 8

A type of homogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out (e.g. fog, smoke, ink, butter)

Question 9

Definition of suspension

Answer 9

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid and solid particles.

Question 10

Neutralization reaction

Answer 10

When acids and bases react with each other, they can form a salt and (usually) water. This is called a neutralization reaction and takes the following form:
HA + BOH → BA + H2O

Question 11

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

The reverse of the neutralization reaction is called hydrolysis. In a hydrolysis reaction a salt reacts with water to yield the acid or base:

BA + H2O → HA + BOH