Victimology

Question 1

Critical Victimology

Answer 1

Mawby and Walkgate- Structual powerlessness.

State has power to give or deny label of victim TOMBS AND WHYTE- in H&S cases, not given the label victim, just accident prone, the lower down the social hierarchy the more likely you are to be a victim but the less likely you are to gain the label.

Question 2

Patterns of Victimology

Answer 2

GENDER
70% murders male
2 women killed by their partner a week.

AGE
16-24 9x more likely victim than over 70s, 3x more likely victim of violent attack.
0-1 most likely to be murdered.

CLASS
Bottom 20% 4/5th more likely to be victim of crime than top 20%
12x homeless

ETHNICITY
Asians 14x more likely to suffer racial attack
23% murders are ethnic minority.

REEAT OFFENDING 4% population victim of 44% of crime.

Question 3

Changes in Victimology

Answer 3

Victim surveys has made key topic for investigation.

CJS- Victims are customers, 2002 change to crime recording meant more focus given to the victims account.

Restorative justice focus.

Question 4

Impact of victimology

Answer 4

PYNOO- disrupted sleep
Waves of crime - intimidate community
HOYLE - anger, anxiety, poor health.

SECONDARY VICTIMISATION-
WALKGATE - rape victims double violations.
Honour killings

ELongated fear of repeat victimisation 1/3 burglaries, 3/4 domestic.

Question 5

Positivist approach to Victimology

Answer 5

MIER- Focus on patterns of victimisation, victim precipitation and interpersonal crime.

VICTIM PRONENESS
VON HENTICO- 13 characteristics, men women, children, mentally ill, lifestyle.
WOLFGANG - 28% murders victim precipitated ie female kills her abuser.
AMIR- 1/5 rape cases victim precipitated.