Gender Flashcards
Why do women commit less crime - Carlen
Class and Gender Deals.
Gender deal - if perform expressive role, rewarded via emotional support from partner. 2/3rd in care.
Class Deal - If work will be rewarded with material goods. 82% in poverty.
as both deals have failed nothing to loose through criminal activity.
Why do women commit less crime- HEIDENSOHN
Social control prevents female criminality.
Private sphere
- Less opportunity as more responsiblity.
- Fear of violence ensures dedicated to home. DOBASH AND DOBASH - abuse often starts with anger with domestics. Remove leisure so less opportunities.
- Bedroom culture of teenage girls.
PRIVATE
58% will not go out at night alone due to fear of attack (Islington Crime Survey)
Need to maintain reputation.
WORK
Glass ceiling and harassment prevents white collar crime.
Why do women commit less crime - POLLACK
CHIVARLY THESIS - Men are socialised to protect women so they are treated more leniently by the justice system.
:)
GRAHAM AND BOWLING
Self report study found 2x not 4x more likely for men to commit crime.
Ministry of Justice - 49% cautioned, only 30% men BUT DIFFERENT OFFENCES.
:(
Carlen - Double jepodary, punished for not fulfilling gender role as well as crime. Higher sentences for violence.
HEIDENSOHN- Double standards with promiscuity.
SMART - Judge Wild proves it is a patriarchal system.
FARRINGTON AND SMART- Shoplifting observational study, men 2x more likely to steal but women more likely to be prosecuted.
A
Why do women commit crime?
LIBERATION THESIS - ADLER
As have greater freedom, more opportunity to take on both legit and illegit male roles, crime balances out.
BUT
CHESNEY AND LIND- US the poor are the least liberated but the most likely to commit crime.
HEIDENSOHN and Silvestria - just dealt with more formally.
Why do men commit crime?
Parsons - Sex role theory
Heidensohn - social control.
MESSERSCHMIDT - means to construct hegemonic masculinity to gain status. In school, working class boys adopt oppositional masculinity via deviance to assert status.
WINLOW- In postmodern society masculinity and violence have become important consumer symbols. Bouncers etc.
PATTERNS
Female crime increased 25% 2004-2010
95% convicts male.
Why do women commit less crime - PARSONS
Sex-Role Theory.
Women adopt the expressive role and therefore have less opportunity or motivation for crime - Opposite for men.
Boys have few male role models, reject feminity and engage in compensatory masculinity via violence and crime.
COHEN - Why many boys join criminal subcultures.
WALKGATE - Not biological, false.
