PUNISHMENT

Question 1

Forms of punishment. - PRISON

Answer 1

1993-05 Prison population has increased 70% as populist politicians calls for tougher sentences despite prison only creating a 5% reduction in criminality.
CARABINE - Reduce education opportunities as overcrowded.

BOORMAN AND HOPKINS - 54% reoffend after 1 year, 68% after 2.

GARLAND - Era of mass incarceration. Imprison specific groups.
DOWNES - ideological tool 30/40% imprisoned unemployed, make Capitalism look better.

Question 2

Forms of punishment - alternatives to prison.

Answer 2

COHEN - Higher community control and range of penalties but ASBO fast track to CJS.

SOLOMAN- increase in community service.

Question 3

Sociological perspectives on punishment

Answer 3

Durkheim
Reassert collective conscience and boundaries. Allows expression of outrage that reinforces norms and reinforces the law as a symbol of the collective conscience.

MARXISM
Part of Ruling class ideological state apparatus.
THOMPSON hangings part of aristocratic rule of terror.
MELOSSI AND PAVARINI - prison reflect capitalism, put price on workers time, do time to pay back debt to society.

FOUCALT - 2 means of punishment
SOVERIGN Physical and public pain
DISCIPLINARY- Internalise security and self censorship. control of mind and body.

Question 4

Purpose of punishment

Answer 4

Retributive - Punish as breeched laws of society - EXPRESSIVE

Reduction - Reduce chance of crime - INSTRUMENTAL.
Detterant
Rehabilitate
Incapacitate.