Locality

Question 1

Clarke and Felson.

Answer 1

The extent of cultural guardians determines the extent of crime. Crime is less in the rural areas as more culpable guardians and a stranger will be spotted, however in the cities this is not the case.

Opportunity is the root cause of crime:
BRANTHINGHAM- Cities have more opportunities for crime as more institutions and structures.

Question 2

XANTHOS, BAWBY AND BOTTOMS ( | )

Answer 2

Stonewall and Gardenia, Gardenia had 300x the crime rate of Stonewall. As the area deteriorated, many left and then those who fitted the stereotype of who lived in that estate more likely to be placed there by the council.

Question 3

Chicago School

Answer 3

SHAW AND MCKAY - Ecology of crime, divided chicago into sones, the crime in each zone was fairly stable throughout, but each zone varied. Crime was most prevalent in the transition zone where there was the greatest level of deprivation.
3 causes of crime:
- Social disorganisation - High levels of population turnover meant there was little social control and thus a greater chance for crime.

• Cultural Transmission - Disorganisation creates delinquent subcultures that the young learn from.
• Differential association - SUTHERLAND if mix with people that value crime over conformity, will be more likely to turn to crime.