Crime Prevention and Control Flashcards
POSTMODERNIST APPROACH
FOUCALT - New focus on private security as society fragmented. Surveillance huge, 1 camera for every 13 people. Do not know if being observed so have internalised security and self monitor.
BUT - inequality of security - not all can afford.
RIGHT REALIST APPROACH
Social control: Parenting orders, ASBOS, Electronic tagging, zero tolerance, tighter community controls, harsher punishments.
SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION:
Culmination of:
FELSON AND CLARKE - Routine activity theory
CORNISH AND CLARKE - Rational choice theory.
WILSON AND KELLINGS - Broken windows thesis.
What is is: Clarke - Approach that relies not on improving society but on reducing the opportunity for crime.
Target the specific location of a specific crime to increase risks.
Examples-
FELSON - design crime out of NYC bus shelter
Zero Tolerance in NYC - crime fell by 50%.
Gas suicides.
CRITICISMS OF THE RIGHT REALIST APPROACH
CHELKEN ET AL - Displace crime to different location, time, victim, different crime or different tactic.
ignores white collar.
KATZ- Too rational, for excitement.
CRAWFORD ET AL - Displace to poor who cannot afford security.
NORRIS AND ARMSTRONG - Extension of male gaze. Unfair focus on men.
BUT
BOWERS criminals like their location, will not move on. Studied 44 zero tolerance zones and crime decreased in surrounding neighbourhoods also.
LEFT REALIST APPROACH
Tough on causes of crime, need to tackle social and economic deprivation. Improve local facilities, housing and job opportunities. Early intervention strategies - Perry pre school project, 2hr enrichment programme cost £1m saved £17m in welfare.
KINGSLEY - need police to spend more time clearing up crime so the public can see it is worth reporting.
CRITICISMS
Reflect Gov agenda of crime - what about green crime?
