Vibrio Flashcards
How many species of vibrio cause infection in humans
12
What 3 species of vibrio are most associated with illness in humans
V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholera
Most vibrio isolated in the each of the possibly pathogenic species are….
non-pathogenic
Where is vibrio predominantly found
Estuarine waters
What time of year do vibrio numbers in water spike
Summer
What vibrio species are NOT part of the natural microbiota of the water
V. cholerae O1 or O139
What temperature must a water supply go above for it be “vibrio season”
17C
How is V. parahaemolyticus serotypes
By its O and K antigen
What are vibrio infections linked to
Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood
What is a key feature of V. parahaemolyticus
It has a rapid generation time (8-9 minutes at 37C)
What protein in V. parahaemolyticus is needed for initial attachment to the host
MAM7 (binds fibronectin and phosphatidic acid)
What are the 3 siderophores of V. parahaemolyticus
Vibrioferrin, ferrichrome and aerobactin (also uses heme, all used to scavenge iron)
What are the 3 hemolytic toxins produced by V. parahaemolyticus
Thermoliable hemolysin (tlh)
Thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)
Thermostable direct-related haemolysin (trh)
What is the action of TDH and TRH
They form a tetrameric pore complex in the host membrane, leads to hemolysis of cytotoxicity
What are the effectors of the V. para T3SS1
VopQ, VopR, VopS and VPA0450
What are the effectors of V. para T3SS2
VopA, VopC, VopL and VopT
What T3SS of V. para is more associated with the pathogenic lifestyle
T3SS2
What do the effectors of T3SS2 in V. para cause?
Cytotoxicity of colon epithelial cells, or enterotoxicity within the host
How is V. vulnificus divided
Into 3 biotypes based on biochemistry
What are the 3 biotypes of V. vulnificus
- Causes disease in humans
- Causes disease in eels, rarely humans
- A hybrid of 1 and 2 (only found in isreal)
What are the 2 V. vulnificus syndromes
Primary septicemia (from eating raw seafood) or necrotizing wound infection (open wound being exposed)
V. vulnificus is only isolated from…
Warm waters
What/when do V. vulnificus symptoms appear
7 hours, fever, chills, nausea and hypotension
What are 3 virulence factors of V. vulnificus
The K antigen (capsule)
O antigen (LPS)
vvha