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Food-Borne Pathogens > Cronobacter > Flashcards

Cronobacter Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the original genus of Cronobacter

A

Enterobacter

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2
Q

How many recognized species of cronobacter are there

A

11

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3
Q

What are the only species of cronobacter to be involved in neonatal infection

A

C. sakazakii, C. turicensis, and C. malonaticus

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4
Q

What temperature does cronobacter grow at

A

6-45C

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5
Q

How are cronobacter coliforms described

A

As yellow-pigmented

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6
Q

What was cronobacter linked to in the 1990s

A

Powdered infant formula

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7
Q

What are some risk factors for infants fed PIF and being exposed to cronobacter

A

Being less an 1 yr old
Immunocompromised and neonates younger than 28 days (greatest risk)
Low birth weight
Premature infants

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8
Q

What is different about a premature infant being infected with cronobacter

A

They secrete less gastric acid than older infants, and this is important for the long term survival of the pathogen

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9
Q

What is cronobacter infection in infants commonly diagnosed as

A

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

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10
Q

Infants infected with cronobacter suffer from…

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis
Septicemia
Meningitis

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11
Q

What are some food that can carry cronobacter

A

Milk powder, cheese, herbs, spices and rice

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12
Q

OmpA: cronobacter

A

Helps cells adhere to GI epithelial cells

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13
Q

What cronobacter species are able to cross the BBB

A

Only those that are OmpA positive

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14
Q

OmpX: cronobacter

A

Helps invasion on the apical side of the GI epithelial cells

Helps the pathogen survive on the basolateral side

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15
Q

cpa: cronobacter

A

Outer membrane protease

Causes serum resistance by cleaving complement components, activating plasminogen and inactivating a plasmin inhibitor

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16
Q

What does the pESA3 plasmid in cronobacter encode for

A

cpa, a T6SS and some adhesion factors

17
Q

Why do neonates have high levels of sialic acid in the intestinal microvilli

A

Because sialic acid in the form of sialyloligosaccharides are undigested

18
Q

How does increased sialic acid in neonates intestines help cronobacter, and what species does it help

A

C. sakazakii, because it has the nanAKT gene cluster that encodes for sialic acid utilization (it has a lot of food)

19
Q

What are some ways to prevent cronobacter growth in PIF

A

Refrigerate after preparation, prepare only small volumes at a time, use chilled water, use within 4 weeks of opening, sterilize bottles

Food-Borne Pathogens (14 decks)

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