VFR meteologicla minima Flashcards
VMC conditions
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance form cloud and ceiling being equal to or greater than specified minima.
Varies according to class of airspace and type of operation. Is equivalent to meteorological minima.
C, D, E distance from cloud and visibility
Distance from cloud: 2km horizontally, 1000ft vertically, BUT in CTR 2km vertically, 500ft vertically.
Visibility: 8km at or above 10,000ft. 5km bellow 10000ft.
Inside controlled airspace distance from cloud and visibility
For cloud separation at any altitude: Fly not closer than 1000ft vertically from cloud (except 500ft in CTR), and fly not closer than 2km horizontally.
For visibility at or above 10,000ft: 8km.
For visibility bellow 10,000ft: 5km.
Outside controlled airspace distance from cloud and visibility
For cloud separation above 3000ftMSL and above 1000ft agl, fly not closer than 1000ft vertically, and 2km horizontally from cloud.
For cloud separation at or bellow 3000ftMSL or at or bellow 1000ft AGL, clear of cloud and insight of surface.
Ensure visibility of at least 5km.
VFR meteorological minima exceptions
Helicopters may operate less than 5km visibility in Class G if manoeuvred at speed that allows opportunity to observe other traffic, or any obstructions, in time to avoid collision.
Agricultural aircraft during agricultural operations may operate class G airspace with flight visibility not less than 1500 meters.
Aircraft engaged in duel low flying flight training in designated low flying areas are approved with flight visibility not less than 1500 meters.
Air operations outside controlled airspace by day
VFR air operations require ceiling (Cloud cover more than scattered cloud - 5 oktas) of at least 1000ft and minimum flight visibility of 5km. VFR day air operations must fly bellow ceiling.
Helicopters in ATO may fly ceiling not less than 600ft, 1500m visibility.
Helicopter CTO for remote aerodromes ceiling not less than 600ft, 1500m visibility. For other than remote aerodromes, must be beneath ceiling clear of cloud, and in continuous sight of surface.
Air operations outside controlled airspace by night
Ceiling 300ft, visibility 16km.
Helicopters - ceiling 2000ft, visibility 5km.
Air operation flight above 4 OKTAS
Aircraft may be flown VFR in conditions more than scattered cloud provided:
Aircraft is authorised for IFR flight and required minimum flight crew hold instrument rating.
Operation is freight carrying only (no passengers).
Instruments and equipment are operative.
Aircraft capable of maintaining 100ft above cloud with one engine inoperative.
Radio navigation equipment is capable of guiding aircraft to aerodrome under IFR.
Sufficient fuel reserves are carried to proceed IFR to an aerodrome where an approach procedure can be carried out for landing.
Ceiling
Base of lowest cloud layer bellow 20,000ft that covers more than half the sky.
SVFR
Allows VFR aircraft to fly in visibility not less than 1500m and remaining clear of cloud bellow ceiling. Conditions are:
Specific clearance is required to operate SVFR, two way communication radio equipment is essential.
Only permitted during daylight hours (can be in CTR and CTA).
Must be conducted with ceiling of at least 600ft, clear of cloud, and flight visibility not less than 1500 meters.
Helicopters may have reduced ceiling and visibility if speed allows adequate collision avoidance.
In class C and D, etc separates all IFR/SVFR, and also seperate SVFR/SVFR when visibility less than 5km.
SVFR minima aeroplanes
Visibility 1500m
Ceiling not less than 600ft
SVFR minima helicopters
Visibility less than 1500m.
Lower than 600ft
Unless authorised under SVFR, controlled aerodrome meteorological minima for aeroplanes and helicopters are
1500ft ceiling.
5km Visibility.
Apply to all flights regardless of nature.
Part 91 (not operations for hire or reward) uncontrolled aerodrome minima
Day ceiling 600ft, 1500m visibility.
Night ceiling 1500ft, visibility 8km.
Part 125/135 hire or reward uncontrolled minima
Air operations in aeroplanes ceiling is 1000ft by day, 3000ft by night., visibility is 5km by day, 16km by night.
ATO helicopters: ceiling 600ft by day, 2000ft by night. Minimum visibility 1500m by day, 5km by night.
CTO helicopters: manoeuvre so as to observe traffic and obstructions to avoid collision, remote aerodromes minimum ceiling 600ft by day and 2000ft by night, minimum visibility 1500m by day and 5km by night. Other than remote aerodromes, effectively no limits on ceiling or visibility provided flight is conducted clear of cloud, in continuous sight of ground, beneath ceiling.
