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Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (Work in progress) > Veterinary Medicine - Dermatology > Flashcards

Veterinary Medicine - Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - General age of onset , and most common age of onset)

A

6 Months - 6 Years of age. Most common - 1 to 3 years of age

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2
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - Commonly associated allergens

A

Dust, Dust Mites, Pollens, Mold, Fungal elements

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3
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - 3 Main predisposed dog breeds

A

WHWT, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever

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4
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - Clinical signs

A

Pruritus, Alopecia, Erythema, Lichinefication. Typical locations: Paws, Inguinal region, Abdomen, Chest, Axillary region, Ears, Muzzle, Around the eyes. Brown-salivary staining where the dog licks. Otitis externa (Can sometimes be the only clinical sign). Hyperhidrosis (“Wet dog”)

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5
Q

Name the 4 feline non-specific cutaneous reactions

A

Self-induced alopecia, Head and neck pruritus and excoriations, Milliary Dermatitis, Eosinophilic skin lesions: -Granuloma -Indolent ulcer -Plaques

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6
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - Diagnosis

A

Classic history - Seasonal pruritus, Onset < 6 Years old, Breed predisposition. Matching skin lesion distribution (Ventral pruritus, ears, eyes, muzzle +/- Otitis externa). Diagnosis of exclusion; Rule out adverse food reaction (AFR), Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), Ectoparasites. *Skin cytology for secondary infections

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7
Q

Atopic Dermatitis - Treatment

A

Allergen avoidance, Treat secondary infections, Anti-pruritic treatment (Steroids / Cyclosporine / Apoquel / Cytopoint), Improve skin barrier - Shampooing, Omega-6 supplement

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8
Q

Adverse Food Reaction - Age of onset

A

Any age. But if < 6 Months - Suspect

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9
Q

Adverse Food Reaction - Clinical signs

A

Same as Atopic dermatitis - Pruritus, Alopecia, Erythema, Lichenification - Paws / Inguinal / Axilla / Muzzle / Around eyes/ Inside of ears. Brown-salivary stains where they lick. Otitis Externa. GI Signs (e.g. Chronic vomiting/diarrhea/borborygmus)

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10
Q

Adverse Food Reaction - What is the most common cutaneous reaction in cats

A

Head & neck pruritus (60-80% of cases)

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11
Q

Adverse Food Reaction - Diagnosis

A

Elimination diet trial - Novel / Hydrolyzed protein exclusively for 6-8 weeks. If truly AFR - pruritus should subside within 1-2 weeks (but anti-pruritic treatment during that time is recommended). After 6-8 weeks - perform the Challenge test - Gradually change back to previous diet. If clinical signs return - diagnosis of AFR is achieved

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12
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis - Clinical signs

A

Pruritus, Alopecia, Erythema, Lichenification - Lumbo-Sacral region , Periumbilical, Neck region. Hot Spots

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13
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis - What is the most common clinical sign

A

Pruritus + Alopecia at the Lumbo-sacral region

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14
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis - Regular anti-flea treatment rules out FAD (T/F)

A

False

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15
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis - Diagnosis

A

Ectoparasite Treatment Trial

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16
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis - Treatment

A

Treat animal for fleas. If already receiving treatment - shorten interval (e.g - Bravecto - from every 3 to every 2 months, Nexgard from every 4 weeks to 3 weeks). Treat the environment for fleas. Treat 2nd Infections. Hot spots - Short course of steroids

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17
Q

Acute Moist Dermatitis (“Hot Spot”) - Typical locations of lesion

A

Lumbo-sacral region, Lateral thigh region

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18
Q

Acute Moist Dermatitis (“Hot Spot”) - 3 Common causes

A

FAD, Foreign body, Anal sacs disease

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19
Q

Acute Moist Dermatitis (“Hot Spot”) - Treatment

A

Treat underlying cause, Topical/Systemic steroids (Short course), Topical antibiotics

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20
Q

Intertrigo - Treatment

A

Shave region, Steroids (Short course) +/- antibiotics - Topical cream/Shampoo

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21
Q

Impetigo - Signalment

A

Young / Adolescent Dogs - 8 Weeks - 1 Year old

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22
Q

Impetigo - Common clinical signs and locations

A

Non-follicular Pustules, Non-pruritic. Abdomen / Inguinal region / Axilla

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23
Q

Impetigo - Treatment

A

Generally no treatment required (Self limiting). If want to treat - Local antibiotic (Shampoo)

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24
Q

Impetigo in Feline - Location

A

Withers / Head

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25
Q

Bullous Impetigo - Signalment & Clinical signs

A

Old dogs with immunosuppression . Non-follicular bullas with pus

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26
Q

Folliculitis - 3 Main causes

A

Bacteria, Demodicosis, Dermatophytes

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27
Q

Bacterial Hypersensitivity - Classic history

A

Superficial dermatitis that resolves with antibiotic treatment but returns after treatment is finished

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28
Q

Bacterial Hypersensitivity - Treatment of choice

A

Staphage Lysate

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29
Q

Nodules / Pustules / Fistulas - Associated with Superficial / Deep Pyoderma

A

Superficial Pyoderma - Pustules, Deep Pyoderma - Nodules, Fistulas

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30
Q

Deep Pyoderma - Usually occurs due to…? Causes systemic clinical signs (T/F)

A

Immunosuppressive diseases. True: Can cause Anorexia, Lethargy, Lymphadenopathy

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31
Q

Deep Pyoderma - Treatment

A

Systemic antibiotics per Culture & Sensitivity for 6-8 Weeks (2-3 Weeks after clinical healing)

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32
Q

Pyo-Traumatic folliculitis & Furunculosis (“Hot Spot-Like”) - Common “signalment” and commonly associated with..?

A

Thick fur breeds (e.g. Retrievers, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard). Commonly associated with Otitis Externa

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33
Q

Pododermatitis - Common signalment and which type of pyoderma is it

A

Large breeds, Deep Pyoderma

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34
Q

Acral Lick Dermatitis (“Lick Granuloma”) - Common Locations

A

Meta-carpus / Carpus / Radius, Meta-tarsus / Tarsus / Tibia, Tail

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35
Q

Acral Lick Dermatitis (“Lick Granuloma”) - Classic appearance of lesions

A

Elevated nodules with hyperpigmented margins +/- fistulas

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36
Q

Acral Lick Dermatitis (“Lick Granuloma”) - Name the specific treatment and what does it do?

A

Capsaicin. Substance-P depletion (apply Lidocaine prior to use - as it causes local burning sensation)

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37
Q

Superficial Pyoderma - Empiric antibiotic treatment (3 Options)

A

Clindamycin, 1st Gen. Cephalosporin (e.g. Cefalexin), Augmentin

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38
Q

Demodicosis - Clinical signs

A

Alopecia (Non-pruritic), Erythema, Scales. Can be focal or generalized

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39
Q

Demodicosis - Diagnosis

A

Deep skin scrapes (Best), Trichogram, *Can be seen in skin cytology but not common

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40
Q

Demodicosis - Treatment

A

In young dogs (<1.5 y) - Self limiting. *In generalized demodicosis to best to treat to prevent deep pyoderma Isooxazolines Bravecto / Simparica / NexGard

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41
Q

Demodicosis in cats - 4 underlying diseases that can lead to a generalized disease

A

DM, FIV, FeLV, Cushing’s disease

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42
Q

Demodicosis in cats - What are the 2 unique features of D.Gatoi?

A

Infectious, Highly pruritic

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43
Q

Demodicosis / Scabies - Where does each reside in the skin?

A

Demodicosis - Hair follicle Scabies - Stratum Corneum

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44
Q

Scabies - Clinical signs and distribution

A

Intense (!) pruritus, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, Lichenification . Regions with low hair amount: Ventral Region, Elbows, Tip of the ears

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45
Q

Scabies - Diagnosis (2 Methods)

A

Superficial skin scrapes (Only 50% sensitivity) . Isooxazoline trial

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46
Q

Scabies - Diagnosis (2 Methods)

A

Superficial skin scrapes (Only 50% sensitivity) . Isooxazoline trial

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47
Q

Scabies - Treatment

A

Isooxazolines (Simparica / NexGard / Bravecto). 1st Week - Steroids (for 2nd skin lesions). Clean the environment

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48
Q

Feline Scabies - Name of the parasite

A

Notoedric Mange

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49
Q

Cheyletiellosis - Common “pathognomonic” sign

A

“Walking dandruff” on the dorsal region of the body

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50
Q

Cheyletiellosis - Diagnosis

A

Cytology, Superficial skin scrape

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51
Q

Cheyletiellosis - Treatment

A

Isooxazolines

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52
Q

Straelensiosis - Common lesions and distribution

A

Alopecia, Papules, Nodules. Head, Legs , Ventrum

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53
Q

Straelensiosis - Diagnosis

A

Histopathology: “Red rim” of mucin around follicles. Deep skin scrapes (Rare)

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54
Q

Straelensiosis - Treatment

A

Isooxazolines

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55
Q

Ear Mites (Otodectes) - Signalment

A

Kittens. Can also affect adult dogs and cats

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56
Q

Ear Mites (Otodectes) - Diagnosis

A

Otoscopy. Cytology (Collect typical black-dry secretions with swab dipped in oil)

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57
Q

Ear Mites (Otodectes) - Treatment

A

Isooxazolines

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58
Q

Dermatophytosis - Where on the body can dermatophytes be found?

A

Keratinic tissues: S.Corneum of the epidermis, Hair, Nails

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59
Q

Dermatophytosis - Most common signalment

A

Young, outdoor kittens

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60
Q

Dermatophytosis - Clinical signs, Common distribution

A

Alopecia (non-pruritic), Crusts, Scales, Erythema, Kerion. Face, Ears, Feet, Tail

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61
Q

Dermatophytosis - Zoonotic?

A

Some but not all. Especially to Kids, Elderly, Pregnant women, people with immunosuppressive diseases

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62
Q

Dermatophytosis - Main zoonotic dermatophyte

A

M.Canis

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63
Q

Dermatophytosis - Diagnosis

A

Wood’s lamp (only detects M.Canis), Sample for culture (Mycology), DTM, Trichogram (Difficult)

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64
Q

Dermatophytosis - 3 Elements of Treatment

A

Treat the fungus (Systemic), Treat the Spores (local), Treat the environment (Not necessarily - depends on results of mycology)

65
Q

Dermatophytosis - Treatment

A

Local - Lime Sulfur + Enilconazole. Systemic - Azoles. Environment - Vacuum, Clean sofas, “AHP”“(Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide), everything possible - put in the laundry

66
Q

Malasezzia - Most common skin reaction

A

Hyperpigmentation

67
Q

Malasezzia - Treatment

A

Anti-mycotic shampoo

68
Q

Demodicosis / Scabies / Cheyletiellosis / Straelensiosis / Dermatophytosis - Which are Zoonotic?

A

Scabies, Cheyletiellosis, Dermatophytosis (Microsporum Canis)

69
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - Clinical signs and distribution

A

Pustules / Crusts / Epidermal collarets . Face, around the eyes - Bilateral lesions (90% of cases). Hyperkeratosis, Fissures on the foot pads and nasal planum. Pinna of the ears - Demarcated lesions. Generalized disease (66% of cases). Can also have signs of systemic disease if onset is rapid (Anorexia, Lethargy, Fever, Lymphadenopathy)

70
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - Diagnosis

A

Cytology - Acantholytic cells, Biopsy - Pustules or crusts spanning few hair follicles

71
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - DDs for Acantholytic cells

A

Pemphigus Foliaceus, Dermatophytosis - T. Mentagrophytes , Leishmaniasis, Deep Pyoderma

72
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - Which dermatophyte can create the same skin reaction? What are the clinical signs? How to differentiate between them?

A

T. Mentagrophytes. Pustules, Crusts. PAS Staining

73
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - Treatment

A

Immunosuppression: Steroids +/- 2nd drug (e.g. Cyclosporine / Cellcept). Another option: Doxycycline + Niacinamide

74
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - What is the drug of choice for treatment in cats?

A

Chlorambucil

75
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceus - Common breeds

A

Akita, Chow-Chow, Cocker Spaniels , Dachshunds, English Bulldog, Labrador Retrievers

76
Q

Pemphigus Erythematosus - Clinical signs

A

Similar to PF but localized only to face and neck. Hypopigmentation of nasal planum

77
Q

Pemphigus Vulagris - Clinical signs

A

Ulcers and erosions in mucocutaneous tissue (e.g. Ears, Mouth, Genitals)

78
Q

Pemphigus Vulagris - Diagnosis

A

Histology: Suprabasillar Acantholysis

79
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) - Clinical Signs

A

Nasal planum depigmentation (Grayish - bluish color). Loss of nasal planum “cobblestone” structure . Ulcers, Erosions, Scale on nasal planum, eyelids, ears. Symmetric bilateral lesions

80
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) - Diagnosis

A

Histology: lymphocytic interface dermatitis reaction pattern with basal keratinocyte vacuolar degeneration, apoptosis, loss of basal cells and basement membrane thickening

81
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) - Treatment

A

Avoid sunlight! Topical steroids, Doxycycline + Niacinamide

82
Q

Symmetric Lupoid Onychitis (SLO) - Common breeds

A

Gordon Setter German shepherd

83
Q

Symmetric Lupoid Onychitis (SLO) - Important DD

A

Leishmaniasis

84
Q

Symmetric Lupoid Onychitis (SLO) - Treatment

A

Antibiotic for 2nd Infection, Nail care and trimming, Doxycycline + Niacinamide, Pentoxifylline, Omega 3 and 6 FA, Can try immunosuppression (Steroids +/- Azathioprine)

85
Q

Feline Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis - Clinical sign

A

Non-healing ulcer between the scapulas

86
Q

Feline Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatitis - Treatment

A

Surgical removal. Behavioral change (could be stress related)

87
Q

Plasma Cell Pododermatitis (Cats) - Clinical signs and diagnosis

A

Swelling, Erythema and ulceration in multiple foot pads which leads to lameness. Can also causes systemic signs (e.g. Lethargy, Fever). Cytology (Foot pads) - Plasma cells. Histology (Gold standard)

88
Q

Feline Skin Fragility Syndrome - Main causes

A

Cushing’s disease, DM, Liver diseases

89
Q

What is the feline equivalent of Acral Lick Dermatitis? What are the clinical signs?

A

Feline Psychogenic Alopecia. Bilateral symmetric alopecia: Abdomen, Back , Hindlegs

90
Q

Alopecia X - Poster breed

A

Pomeranian

91
Q

Alopecia X - Clinical signs

A

Complete trunk alopecia without head and distal limb involvement . Hyperpigmentation (“Black skin disease”)

92
Q

Alopecia X - Treatment

A

Neutering (50% Success), Melatonin , Benign neglect

93
Q

Alopecia X - Diagnosis

A

Signalment, History and clinical signs . Normal CBC, Panel and T4. Histopathology

94
Q

Hepatocutaneous Syndrome (“Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis”) - Clinical Signs

A

Ulcers, Erosions, Crusts - Foot Pads, Elbow, Perineum , Muzzle. Mucocutaneous lesions. Foot Pads - Hyperkeratosis, Fissures. Vomiting, diarrhea

95
Q

“Honeycomb Pattern” on US - in the liver it means…? in the spleen it means…?

A

Hepatocutaneous Syndrome Splenic Torsion

96
Q

Hepatocutaneous Syndrome (“Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis”) - Diagnosis

A

Clinical signs. Elevated liver enzymes. Classic appearance of the liver on US - “Honeycomb Liver”. Histopathology - parakeratosis and laminar intracellular edema (“French Flag”)

97
Q

Hepatocutaneous Syndrome (“Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis”) - Treatment

A

Amino acids given IV, Raw egg yolks, Zinc, Omega-3 fatty acid

98
Q

Juvenile Cellulitis - Signalment & Distribution of lesions

A

Puppies - 3 weeks - 4 months old. Face - Lips, Nose, Chin, Periocular +/- Otitis Externa

99
Q

Juvenile Cellulitis - Clinical signs

A

Facial pustules and granulomas, Otitis Externa, Significant submandibular lymphadenopathy

100
Q

Juvenile Cellulitis - Diagnosis

A

History and Clinical Signs. Histology

101
Q

Juvenile Cellulitis - Treatment

A

Steroids

102
Q

Granulomatous Sebaceous Adenitis - Most common dermatological findings and distribution

A

Erythema, Scales, Alopecia, Follicular casts In the beginning - Head, Ears, Tail. Proceeds to become Generalized

103
Q

Granulomatous Sebaceous Adenitis - Name other DDs for the clinical appearance of GSA

A

Granulomatous Sebaceous Adenitis - Name other DDs for the clinical appearance of GSA

104
Q

Granulomatous Sebaceous Adenitis - Diagnosis

A

Trichogram - Follicular casts. Histology - Inflammatory infiltrate where sebaceous glands are/were

105
Q

Granulomatous Sebaceous Adenitis - Treatment for mild cases? Drug of choice for more severe cases?

A

Mild - Keratolytic shampoo, Emollient oil, Propylene Glycol . Drug of choice for severe cases - Cyclosporine

106
Q

Solar Dermatitis - Signalment, Common distribution (Dogs and Cats)

A

White / Light colored skin animals. Dogs - Nasal planum. Cats - Ears / Eyelids / Nose / Lips

107
Q

Solar Dermatitis - Dermatological lesions

A

Erythema, Scales, Alopecia, Exudation / Crusts / Ulceration

108
Q

Solar Dermatitis - Treatment (Dogs and Cats)

A

Sun avoidance, Steroids in cases of severe inflammation, Cats - Imiquimod

109
Q

Vasculitis - Common causes

A

Drugs, Vaccines (Up to 6 months before), Infectious diseases, Neoplasia, Adverse food reactions, Idiopathic

110
Q

Vasculitis - Common Distribution

A

Pinnae, Tail, Foot pads, Claws, Distal limbs, Oral mucosa

111
Q

Vasculitis - Treatment

A

Pentoxifylline , Topical Tacrolimus, Steroids

112
Q

Hyperestrogenism - Clinical signs + Lab findings

A

Symmetric bilateral alopecia: Perineum, Inguinal, Flank (and later generalized). Comodones, Hyperpigmentation in the inguinal region and vulva. Enlarged nipples (Gynecomastia) in both males and females - and vulva in females. Males - Linear preputial dermatosis. Females - Abnormal estrus cycle. Males - Attraction of other males. Lab finding: Pancytopenia

113
Q

Color Dilution Alopecia - Signalment and classic history

A

Dog with blue / fawn colored fur. Within the first year started developing localized / generalized hypotrichosis

114
Q

Color Dilution Alopecia - Diagnosis

A

Trichogram - Melanin clamping on hair follicles (Not specific). Biopsy

115
Q

What dermatological condition is a variant of Color Dilution Alopecia - specific to black fur color

A

Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia

116
Q

Pattern Baldness - What are the 3 Common presentations and in what breeds

A

Dachshunds - Pineal alopecia. Whippet, Greyhound, Boston Terrier, Dachshunds, Chihuahua - Periauricular / Ventrum / Caudo-medial thighs. Greyhound - Caudo-medial thighs

117
Q

Pattern Baldness - Onset age

A

First Year - Early adulthood

118
Q

Pattern Baldness - Treatment

A

Melatonin

119
Q

Color Dilution Alopecia / Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia - Treatment

A

None

120
Q

Color Dilution Alopecia / Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia - Treatment

A

None

121
Q

Cyclic Flank Alopecia - Common breeds

A

Boxer, Airedale terrier, Bulldog

122
Q

Cyclic Flank Alopecia - Common dermatological findings

A

Flank Alopecia, Hyperpigmentation, Non-pruritic, Non inflammatory

123
Q

Cyclic Flank Alopecia - Treatment

A

Melatonin

124
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Common breeds

A

Hasky, Alaskan Malamute

125
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Common breeds

A

Husky Alaskan Malamute

126
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Common causes

A

Type 1- Genetic problem in zinc absorption (puppies - young). Type 2 - GI disease - Loss of zinc

127
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Dermatological findings / Distribution

A

Alopecia / Crusts / Scales, Eyes / Mouth / Ears, Foot pad hyperkeratosis

128
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Diagnosis

A

Histopathology

129
Q

Zinc Responsive Dermatitis - Treatment (2 Elements)

A

“Zinc. Steroids (Increases zinc absorption in the GI)

130
Q

Dermatomyositis - Common breeds

A

Collie, Sheltie

131
Q

Dermatomyositis - Most common time of onset

A

< 6 Months

132
Q

Dermatomyositis - Clinical signs

A

Alopecia / Erosions / Ulcers / Crusts on extermeties, nose, tail, ears. Temporal muscle atrophy. GI - Dysphagia / Regurgitations (Megaesophagus) *2nd aspirations pneumonia. Stiff walking

133
Q

Dermatomyositis - Diagnosis

A

Temporal muscles EMG Biopsy

134
Q

Dermatomyositis - Treatment

A

Steroids Pentoxifylline

135
Q

Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome (VKH Like Syndrome) - Common breeds

A

Samoyed, Akita, Husky

136
Q

Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome (VKH Like Syndrome) - Clinical signs

A

Uveitis, Depigmentation (Pinkening) of Nose / Lips / Eyelids / Scrotum / Anus / Foot pads , As the disease progresses - Erosions & Ulcers / Crusts

137
Q

Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome (VKH Like Syndrome) - Diagnosis (And the Finding)

A

Histopathology: Pigmentary Incontinence

138
Q

Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome (VKH Like Syndrome) - What is the cause for the ocular disease

A

Anti-retinal antibodies

139
Q

Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome (VKH Like Syndrome) - Treatment

A

Immunosuppressive

140
Q

Tail Gland Hyperplasia - Dermatological Findings & typical location (Dogs / Cats)

A

Alopecia & Scales (Seborrhea). Dogs - Proximal 1/3 of tail. Cats - All along the tail

141
Q

Tail Gland Hyperplasia - Common Signalment

A

Intact male dogs & cats

142
Q

Tail Gland Hyperplasia - Treatment

A

Anti-seborrheic

143
Q

Seborrhea Sicca - Treatment options

A

Anti-Keratolytics / Keratoplastics : Sulfur / Salicylic Acid. Emollients / Moisturizers (Urea / Propylene Glycol / Glycerin)

144
Q

Seborrhea Oleosa - How To Treat

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

145
Q

Topical Anti-bacterial treatment - Treatment options

A

Anti-bacterial ointment / Shampoo, Chlorhexidine, Iodine, Benzoyl Peroxide (Also Anti-keratolytic / Keratoplastic for Seborrhea Oleosa), Propylene Glycol (Also moisturizer for Seborrhea Sicca), Ethyl Lactate

146
Q

Otitis Externa - Common primary causes

A

Allergies (Atopic dermatitis/AFR), Parasites (e.g. Otodectes/Demodex), Foreign body, Endocrinopathies (e.g. Hypothyroidism / Cushing’s disease), Epithelialization Disorders

147
Q

Otitis Externa - Name 2 common secondary causes

A

Bacteria, Malasezzia

148
Q

Otitis Externa - Predisposing factors

A

Anatomic: (e.g. Large floppy ears, Excessive hair), Neoplasia / Polyps, Primary otitis media, Excessive ear cleaning, Excessive water / moisture (e.g. Swimming)

149
Q

Otitis Externa - Perpetuating factors

A

Stenotic / Edematous / Calcified ear canal, Otitis media, Epithelialization failure / Altered migration

150
Q

Otitis Externa - What is the “Holy Trinity” of topical ear treatment?

A

Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Steroids

151
Q

Otitis Externa - Treatment for Stenosis / Edema? What type of factor is this?

A

Steroids’, Perpetuating

152
Q

Otitis Externa - Treatment for decrease / failure of migration? What type of factor is it?

A

Ear flushing, Perpetuating

153
Q

6 Steps of Otoscopy

A

1) Pinna Examination 2) Canal Width 3) Quality and Quantity of Secretions 4) Canal Skin Evaluation 5) Sensitivity of the Ear Canal 6) Tympanic Membrane Examination

154
Q

Otitis Externa - Indications for Culture & Sensitivity

A

Unresponsive or Recurrent Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, Ulcers

155
Q

Dermatophytosis - When can you stop treatment

A

After full treatment regiment (6-8 weeks), Remission of dermatological lesions, Negative Wood’s lamp, Negative fungal culture

156
Q

Skin biopsy for diagnosis of alopecia - How many samples and where to sample from?

A

At least 2 samples 1) Normal hair region 2) Alopecia region *Not in-between areas

157
Q

The Pruritic Patient - Important History questions

A

When did it Start? Where in the body does it scratch? Intensity? Seasonality? What does it eat? Other symptoms (e.g. GI Signs) Ehat appeared first - scratching or skin lesions? Traveled lately? Regular flea treatment? Other animals or people in the house affected? Medication? Previous history? Outside-inside animal?

158
Q

What is the minimum allowed age for Apoquel use in dogs? If the dog is below that age, what is another option for anti-pruritic medication? (Beside steroids)

A

12 Months. Cytopoint

159
Q

You’ve decided on Cytopoint as an anti pruritic. You gave the injection and saw the animal again 2-4 weeks later. The dog is still pruritic. Should you try another dose of Cytopoint?

A

Yes. Very possible the dog will respond to treatment after 2 or even 3 shots

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (Work in progress) (17 decks)

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