Veterinary Medicine - Antibiotics

Question 1

Inflammation, Fever, Leukocytosis are suggestive of..?

Answer 1

Infection is one option, but also autoimmune disease, Non-infectious inflammation, Neoplasia

Question 2

UTI - How to decide on the appropriate antibiotic treatment

Answer 2

Urinalysis and urine sediment (Rods/Cocci), Culture & Sensitivity

Question 3

Benzyl-Penicillin - Not in use theses days, but there is still 1 main indication for it which is…?

Answer 3

C.Tetanus

Question 4

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - Given orally / IV

Answer 4

Amoxicillin - Orally, Ampicillin - IV

Question 5

Amoxicillin / Ampicillin - Effective against..?

Answer 5

G+ mainly (G- to a lesser extent), Anaerobes + Aerobes

Question 6

Ticarcillin - Main indication

Answer 6

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection

Question 7

Leptospira - Antibiotics of Choice

Answer 7

Amoxicillin / Ampicillin , Plus Doxycycline (Eliminate carrier-state)

Question 8

Bacterial pneumonia - Antibiotic treatment options (Empiric)

Answer 8

First line options: Augmentin, Fluoroquinolone + Beta-lactam/Azithromycin/Clindamycin. Second-line options: 3rd Gen. Cephalosporins, TMS, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol. Third-line: Carbapenem/Imipenem

Question 9

2 Antibiotics with good penetration to the CNS

Answer 9

Fluoroquinolones, 3rd Gen. Cephalosporins. *In cases of systemic inflammation - Blood-Brain-Barrier penetration increases. In these cases - penetration ability of antibiotics is less important

Question 10

Convenia - Belongs to which AB group

Answer 10

3rd Gen. Cephalosporins

Question 11

Augmentin - Common indications

Answer 11

Bite wounds, Abscesses, Oral infections, UTI

Question 12

Carbapenem - Belongs to which AB group

Answer 12

Penicillins

Question 13

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa - 4 Treatment options

Answer 13

Ticarcillin (Cephalosporin), Carbapenem (Penicillin), Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones

Question 14

Aminoglycosides - Effective against which type of bacteria?

Answer 14

G- Aerobes

Question 15

What AB Is contraindicated in Myasthenia Gravis patients?

Answer 15

Aminoglycosides

Question 16

Doxycycline - Main GI side effect in cats

Answer 16

Esophagitis and subsequent esophageal stricture

Question 17

Doxycycline - Common side effect in puppies

Answer 17

Yellow discoloration of the teeth

Question 18

Doxycycline - Common Indications

Answer 18

Rickettsial diseases (e.g. Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmaplasmosis), Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Brucella. *Also useful as an immunomodulatory drug for various conditions

Question 19

Doxycycline - The only Tetracycline that is secreted through the…?

Answer 19

Liver. Others are secreted through the kidneys

Question 20

Chloramphenicol - Main side effect

Answer 20

Myelosuppression

Question 21

Chloramphenicol - What is the big advantage

Answer 21

Wide spectrum: G+, G-, Anaerobes, Aerobes

Question 22

Clindamycin / Macrolides - Effective against

Answer 22

G+, Anaerobes, with high penetration

Question 23

Clindamycin / Macrolides - Best combined with…? Why?

Answer 23

AB Which are effective against G, such as Fluoroquinolones, 3rd Gen. Cephalosporins. Clindamycin / Macrolides are effective against G+, Anaerobes. They complete each other

Question 24

Neospora / Toxoplasma - Treated with…?

Answer 24

Clindamycin / TMS

Question 25

Clindamycin - Common indications

Answer 25

Abscess, Osteomyelitis, Deep pyoderma, Prostatitis, Neospora, Toxoplasma

Question 26

Macrolides - Name 2 antibiotics with added effects

Answer 26

Tylosin - Immunomodulation, Erythromycin - Pro-kinetic

Question 27

One treatment protocol for small spp. Babesia (e.g. Gibsoni) includes a combination of Atovaquone and…?

Answer 27

Azithromycin

Question 28

Fluoroquinolones - 2 Contraindications

Answer 28

Growing animals (Decrease proliferation of chondrocytes and damage cartilage). Cats - mainly enrofloxacin. can cause blindness. To avoid it either lower dosages by half or use different Fluoroquinolone, like Marbofloxacin

Question 29

Fluoroquinolones - Effective against…?

Answer 29

G-, Aerobes

Question 30

Metronidazole - Effective against which bacteria and one common parasite

Answer 30

Anaerobes (G+ and G-). Giardia

Question 31

Giardia - Drug of choice? 2nd Line?

Answer 31

Fenbendazole. Metronidazole

Question 32

Tritrichomonas Foetus - Drug of choice?

Answer 32

Ronidazole

Question 33

Pneumocystis Carinii - Treated with what antibiotic?

Answer 33

TMS

Question 34

TMS - Side effects

Answer 34

KCS, Myelosuppression, Immune-mediated cytopenias (e.g. IMT/IMHA), Hepatitis, Hepatic necrosis, Pancreatitis, Cats: Excessive salivation

Question 35

Nitrofurantoin - Main indication

Answer 35

Simple UTI

Question 36

Pyoderma - Most common pathogen, Antibiotic of choice

Answer 36

Staphylococcus Pseudointermedius. 1st Gen. Cephalosporins (e.g. Cefalexin)

Question 37

Bordetella / Mycoplasma - Antibiotics of choice (2)

Answer 37

Doxycycline, Fluoroquinolones

Question 38

Prostatitis - Treatment and recommendation

Answer 38

Fluoroquinolone + Clindamycin / Beta-Lactam. Castration (High recurrence)

Question 39

Parvovirus antibiotic treatment - Which 2 antibiotics? Why?

Answer 39

Aminoglycosides + Beta-lactam. E.Coli translocation and septicemia is very common due the GI being compromised

Question 40

Coccidiosis - Treatment of choice in small animals (2 options)

Answer 40

Sulfadimethoxine (Not TMS), Tultrazuril