Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NS Exam 3 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What vestibular fluid has similar composition to CSF?

A

Perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What movements are monitored by the semicircular canals?

A

Rotational head movements/Angular acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What movements are monitored by the utricle and saccule?

A

Translational head movements/linear acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the primary arteries supplying the vestibular system?

A

Labyrinthine A. (primary source) from AICA

Stylomastoid A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the sensory receptors for the semicircular canals located?

A

Base of the ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the orientation of the receptors within the utricle and saccule?

A

Utricle - Longitudinal orientation

Saccule - vertical orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure connects the saccule to the cochlea?

A

Ductus reuniens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What disease is characterized by abnormal distention of membranous labyrinth?

A

Meniere’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of cells have a single, long kinocilium projecting from the apical surface? What is its function?

A

Hair cells with stereocilia

Vestibular sensory receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between a Type I and Type II hair cell?

A

Type 1: chalice shaped, surrounded by nerve calyx

Type II: Cyllindrical, innervated by nerve boutons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the ampulla, which hair cells are located more centrally and more peripherally in the crista?

A

Type I - centrally

Type II - peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure within the ampulla surrounds the hair cells and displaces them in the same direction as head movements?

A

Cupula (Displaced by endolymph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structure displaces the hair cells in the macula?

A

Otolith membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What movements displace the otoconia?

A

Changes in head position relative to gravity/linear acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which vestibular nuclei are located in the superolateral pons?

A

Superior vestibular nucleus

Medial vestibular nucleus

Lateral Vestibular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which vestibular nuclei are found in the part of the medulla that makes up the floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

Medial vestibular nucleus

Lateral vestibular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which vestibular nuclei are found in the upper and lower medulla?

A

Medial vestibular nucleus

Inferior vestibular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What side do the vestibular afferents project to?

A

Contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structure do the primary vestibulocerebellar fibers travel through in the cerebellum and where do they terminate?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Terminate in Dentate Nucleus as mossy fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the secondary vestibulocerebellar projectsions come from? Where do they go?

A

Vestibular nuclei => fastigial and dentate nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nuclei do the vestibulovestibular fibers arise from? What side do they connect with?

A

Superior and medial nuclei

The analogous contralateral nucleus

22
Q

What nuclei do the spinovestibular fibers provide input to?

A

Medial and lateral vestibular nuclei

23
Q

What is the reflex that achieves compensatory eye stabilization, allowing you to focus keep a fixed gaze on an object while the head is moving?

A

Vestibuloocular reflex

24
Q

What reflex is being suppressed so that you can focus your eyes on a moving target?

A

Vestibuloocular

25
Q

What vestibular structures are associated with vertical eye movements?

A

Vertical semicircular canals

Saccule

26
Q

What vestibular structures are associated with horizontal eye movements?

A

Horizontal canals and utricle

27
Q

What vestibular structures are associated with torsional eye movements?

A

Vertical semicircular canals

Utricle

28
Q

If you are focusing on an object and turn your head to the left? Which CN nuclei are activated? What is inhibited?

A

Activated: Ipsilateral CN III (oculomotor), contralateral abducens

Inhibited: Ipsilateral abducens N.

29
Q

What is the linear vestibuloocular reflex?

A

Linear head movements result in linear eye movements in a direction equal to and opposite of the head movement

Stabilizes gaze

30
Q

Describe the two phases of nystagmus.

A

Slow phase - vestibuloocular reflex directs eyes slowly in direction opposite to head motion

Fast phase - Eyes rapidly spring back to central position to the same direction as the head

(Named for direction of fast phase)

31
Q

How is the caloric test performed? What is a normal result?

A

Warm water - nystagmus beats toward ear which warm water was poured

Cold water - nystagmus beats away from cold water

Should be equal bilaterally

32
Q

What is an abnormal result of a caloric test?

A

Reduced/absent nystagmus ipsilaterally

33
Q

An unresponsive patient arrives in the ED. In order to evaluate the condition of the brainstem, you perform a Doll’s Eyes maneuver. What result would indicate that the patient’s brainstem was intact? What part of the brainstem?

A

Pt’s eyes move in opposite direction of the head turn

Reticular formation intact

34
Q

What laminae do the fibers of the vestibulospinal tracts terminate in?

A

Lamina VII to IX

35
Q

What vestibular tract terminates on the alpha and gamma motor neurons?

A

Laateral vestibulospinal tract

36
Q

Which vestibular tract monitors neck flexor and extensor motor neurons?

A

Medial vestibulospinal tract

37
Q

Where do the fibers of vestibular nuclei project and terminate? On what side?

A

Contralateral thalamic nuclei

38
Q

What are the areas of the vestibular cortex associated with primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Area 2v - sensations of whole body motion

Area 3a - motor control of head and body

39
Q

What part of the vestibular cortex is the parietal cortex associated with?

A

Area 7

40
Q

What is the function of area 7 of the vestibular cortex?

A

Houses neurons involved in spatial coding, visual (optic flow), and vestibular motions signals

Integrates cues of body motion in space (spatial awareness)

41
Q

What is the function of the insular area of lateral sulcus and Parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC)?

A

Monitor body motion, somatosensory, proprioceptive, and visual motion stimuli

42
Q

PIVC lesions would result in what symptoms?

A

Episodes of vertigo, unsteadiness, loss of perception for “visual vertical”

43
Q

What is the function of the vestibular cortex portion of prefrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus?

A

Receive vestibular signals

Related to frontal eye field

Controls saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements

44
Q

If a patient feels like he is spinning, but the environment around him is not, what is the most likely disorder?

A

Subjective vertigo

45
Q

If a patient feels like he is not spinning but that the room is spinning around him, what is his disorder?

A

Objective vertigo

46
Q

What type of vertigo would you see nystagmus? In what direction?

A

Objective vertigo

Nystagmus beating in opposite direction to rotation

47
Q

What disorder results from cupulolithiasis? What happened?

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Probably otoconia separated from the otolith membrane and became lodged in the cupula => abnormal cubula deflections when head changes position

48
Q

What does a Vestibular Schwannoma typically impinge upon?

A

CN VII, CN VIII, Labyrinthine A.

49
Q

Where is a Vestibular Schwannoma typically located?

A

Cerebellopontine angle/Internal acoustic meatus

50
Q

What can a Vestibular Schwannoma present with?

A

Hearing loss

Gait difficulties

Tinnitus

51
Q

Irritation of the vestibular ganglion from a virus can cause what disorder? What symptoms will a patient present with?

A

Vestibular neuritis

Severe vertigo, nausea/vomiting (NO hearing loss)

NS Exam 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions