Phys of Taste and Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

What tastants trigger the release of serotonin?

A

Sour and salty

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2
Q

What tastants trigger the release of ATP?

A

Sweet, umami, and bitter

(SUB sandwiches give you energy)

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3
Q

What channel involved in tast evoked secretion of ATP allows influx of sodium?

A

TRPM5

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4
Q

What channel involved in taste evoked secretion of ATP is involved in ATP release?

A

Panx1

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5
Q

What GPCR is involved with the umami flavor?

A

mGluR4 (glutamate receptor)

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6
Q

Which tastant binds its GPCR with very high binding affinity?

A

Bitter (avoid poison)

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7
Q

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons coming from the anterior tongue located?

A

Geniculate ganglion

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons from the posterior tongue located?

A

Petrosal ganglion

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9
Q

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons from the epiglottis located?

A

Nodose ganglion

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10
Q

Where do the afferent neurons (1st order) coming from the taste buds terminate?

A

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (gustatory area)

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11
Q

In the ascending taste pathway, where do the 2nd order sensory neuron cell bodies arise? Where do they terminate?

A

Arise from nucleus tractus solitarius

Terminate in VPM nucleus of thalamus

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12
Q

Where do the 3rd order neurons of the ascending taste pathway arise? Where do they terminate?

A

Arise from VPM and travel through posterior limb of IC

Terminate in postcentral gyrus, frontal operculum, insular cortex

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13
Q

What role does the orbitofrontal cortex have in the taste pathway?

A

Interpretation of taste, olfaction, and visual cues regarding food

Appreciation of flavor, food reward, control of feeding

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14
Q

What are the cortical areas making up the gustatory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus

Frontal operculum

Insula

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15
Q

What is the channel activated in the olfactory signaling pathway?

A

Cyclic Nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC)

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16
Q

What is activated by the G-olf GPCR pathway?

A

Adenylyl Cyclase III => activates CNGC

17
Q

What are the 2 main ways that adaptation to odorant stimulation occurs?

A
  1. Sensitivity of CNGC to cAMP decreases => decreased cation influx => decreased depole
  2. Inactivation by receptor phosphorylation
18
Q

What cells of the olfactory pathway release GABA?

A

Periglomerular cells

Granular cells

19
Q

What structure of the olfactory cortex transmits information to the thalamus? What purpose does this serve?

A

Piriform cortex

Thalamus sends info to medial orbitofrontal cortex => integration of taste, sight, and smell, appreciation of flavor of food

20
Q

What part of the olfactory cortex is involved with emotional learning and olfactory fear conditioning?

A

Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus

21
Q

What part of the olfactory cortex is involved in integration of the emotional aspect elicited by odor?

A

Periamygdaloid cortex

22
Q

What 2 structures communicate to integrate olfactory information in memory formation and recall?

A

Entorhinal cortex => hippocampus

23
Q

Where does adult neurogenesis occur?

A

Olfactory bulb

Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus