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NS Exam 3 > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What basal ganglia is involved in eye movements and cognition?

A

Caudate nucleus

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2
Q

What nuclei is the lenticular nucleus composed of?

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

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3
Q

The pars compacta and pars reticulata comprise what structure?

A

Substantia nigra

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4
Q

What structures comprise the striatum?

A

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

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5
Q

What structures comprise the corpus striatum?

A

Caudate

Putamen

Globus pallidus

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6
Q

What is the embryological origin of the subthalamic nucleus?

A

Diencephalon

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7
Q

What basal ganglia provide input?

A

Striatal complex:

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Nucleus accumbens

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8
Q

What basal ganglia provide output?

A

Pallidal complex:

Globus pallidus

Substantia innominata

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9
Q

What sublenticular tract goes under the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Ansa lenticularis

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10
Q

What output tract passes through the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Lenticular fasciculus

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11
Q

What tracts feed into the thalamic fasciculus?

A

Lenticular Fasciculus

Ansa lenticularis

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12
Q

What part of the brainstem is the substantia nigra located in?

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

What part of the substantia nigra provides input information?

A

Pars compacta

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14
Q

What part of the thalamus receive input information? Output information?

A

Input: Internal medullary lamina

Output: VL and VA nuclei

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15
Q

What is the function of the indirect pathway of signaling through the basal ganglia?

A

Prevent extraneous movements while carrying out an action

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16
Q

What is the role of the skeletomotor loop?

A

Control of facial, limb, and trunk musculature

17
Q

What is the role of the oculomotor loop?

A

Control of saccadic eye movements

18
Q

What is the role of the associative loop?

A

Role in cognition and executive behavioral functions

19
Q

What is the role of the limbic loop?

A

Motivational regulation of behavior and emotions

20
Q

What receives the input for the oculomotor and associative loops?

A

Oculomotor - caudate body

Associative - Caudate head

21
Q

What receives the input for the skeletomotor loop?

A

Putamen

22
Q

What receives the input from the limbic lobe?

A

Ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens)

23
Q

What provides the output for the limbic loop?

A

Ventral pallidum (substantia innominata)

Globus pallidus internus and SNr

24
Q

What is the role of basal ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Neurons from substantia nigra do not release enough dopamine onto basal ganglia

25
Q

What disease is the hypokinetic gait characteristic of?

A

Parkinson’s disease

26
Q

Patient appears with a mask-like expression, pill rolling tremor in the hands, and a flexed trunk. Upon gait examination, patient appears to shuffle when turning. What disease process is this?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

27
Q

Common causes of hypokinetic/Parkinsonian syndrome

A

Encephalitis lethargica

Head trauma

MPTP - designer drug

Carbon monoxide/manganese poisoning

Neuroleptics (DA-blockers)

Wilson’s disease (copper buildup in body)

28
Q

Degeneration of what basal ganglia results in Huntington’s disease? What NT is affected?

A

Caudate and putamen => decreased GABA release => Hyperkinesia

29
Q

What drug can be used to treat Huntington’s disease?

A

Tetrabenazine (serotonin antagonist)

30
Q

Sydenham chorea can be caused by what? What population is it normally seen in?

A

Strep throat

Seen in children

31
Q

A patient with whole body spontaneous, rapid, jerky, involuntary movements can be said to have what?

A

Chorea

32
Q

A patient with a writing, snake-like movement complains he is unable to sustain himself in one position. What is the name for these movements?

A

Athetosis

33
Q

Ballismus is a result of a lesion in what basal ganglia? How does this present?

A

Contralateral Subthalamic nucleus

Flailing, flinging movement of the whole extremity

34
Q

Peristence or fixing of posture at the extreme of an athetoid movement is called what?

A

Dystonia

NS Exam 3 (15 decks)

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