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NS Exam 3 > Neuroanatomy of Taste and Olfaction > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy of Taste and Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

What type of receptors are odorant receptors?

A

GPCRs - ligand binding

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2
Q

What are the olfactory fila?

A

Axons from the olfactory receptor neuron passing through the lamina propria and cribiform plate to the olfactory bulb

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3
Q

What is the specificity of the olfactory receptor neurons?

A

Only express one type of odorant receptor that is processed in the olfactory bulb in the matching zone (individual glomeruli are thought to process different types of odors)

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4
Q

What is the first structure contacted by olfactory receptor neurons after passing through the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory glomerulus

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5
Q

What are the layers of the olfactory bulb from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve layer
  2. Glomerular layer
  3. External plexiform layer
  4. Mitral cell layer
  5. Granule cell layer
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6
Q

What cells do the olfactory receptor neurons synapse with in the glomerular layer?

A

Mitral and tufted cells

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7
Q

What cell layer contains the cell bodies of tufted cells?

A

External plexiform layer

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8
Q

How do granule cells moderate olfactory bulb activity?

A

Inhibitory feedback loop, release GABA into synapses w/ mitral and tufted cells

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9
Q

What is the hallmark of the olfactory bulb?

A

Projects directly to the cortex, skips the thalamus

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10
Q

What structure do the axons of the lateral olfactory tract contact to communicate with the contralateral olfactory tract?

A

Anterior olfactory nucleus

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11
Q

What embryological structure contains the olfactory cortex?

A

Telencephalon

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12
Q

What are the areas of the olfactory cortex?

A

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Piriform cortex

Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus

Periamygdaloid cortex

Lateral entorhinal cortex

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13
Q

What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

Integrates olfactory with taste to produce flavors

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14
Q

What part of the thalamus receives olfactory information from the cortex?

A

Dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

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15
Q

What structures does the lateral hypothalamus receive olfactory input from? What behaviors does this influence?

A

Piriform cortex and anterior olfactory nucleus

Feeding behavior

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16
Q

What structure sends olfactory information to the hippocampus?

A

Entorhinal cortex

17
Q

What does the Chorda Tympani innervate in the peripheral taste pathway?

A

CN VII innervates fungiform papillae on anterior 2/3 of tongue and anterior foliate papillae

18
Q

What is the innervation to the taste buds on the soft palate?

A

Greater superficial petrosal N.

19
Q

Where are the cell bodies for CN VII for taste?

A

Geniculate ganglion

20
Q

What is the innervation to the taste buds in the vallate papillae and posterior foliate papillae?

A

Lingual-tonsillar branch of CN IX

21
Q

What is the innervation to the taste buds of the epiglottis and esophagus?

A

Superior laryngeal N. of Vagus N.

22
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the taste fibers of CN IX and X?

A

Inferior ganglia (Petrosal and nodose)

23
Q

Where do the fibers of the peripheral taste pathways terminate?

A

Gustatory nucleus (modulate taste and swallowing)

General visceral afferents

24
Q

What side does the central taste pathway travel on?

A

Ipsilateral side

25
Q

What CN has been lesioned if pt has paralysis in ipsilateral facial muscles, as well as lost of taste perception to anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

CN VII

26
Q

If there is damage distal to the geniculate ganglion, what can result?

A

Ipsilateral facial paralysis

May or may not have taste loss

27
Q

What is ageusia?

A

Completely loss of taste

28
Q

Distortion in perception of a taste due to drugs or medications is called ____.

A

Parageusia/dysgeusia

NS Exam 3 (15 decks)

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