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RUSVM Anatomy II > Vessels and Nerves > Flashcards

Vessels and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries supply the perineal region?

A

Internal pudendal artery
Caudal gluteal artery
Obturator artery (equine only)

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2
Q

What nerves are going to supply the perineal region?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

Pudendal nerve

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3
Q

What will happen if there is damage to the pudendal nerve?

A

Failure of the perineal reflex (responsive contraction of the anal sphincter with subsequent ventral flexion of the tail)

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4
Q

What would happen if there was damage to the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Desensitizaion of the proximal medial thigh, scrotum, prepuce and vulva

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5
Q

Where can one located the pudendal nerve?

A

In the ischiorectal fossa, between the tail and the ischiatic tuberosity

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6
Q

True/False. The pudendal nerve is often blocked for episioplasy in the mare.

A

False. This is done in the bitch

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7
Q

Which muscles are found on the cranial surface of the thigh and are considered flexors of the hip and extensors of the stifle?

A

Flexors of the hip: Rectus femoris m., Sartorius m., Iliopsoas m.

-Extensors of the stifle: Quadriceps femoris muscle

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8
Q

Which artery supplies the quadricep muscles?

A

Lateral Circumflex femoral artery

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9
Q

Which artery is going to supply the sartorius and iliopsoas muscles?

A

Iliolumbar artery

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10
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the saphenous nerve of the cranial thigh muscles?

A

Cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve

Cutaneous zone: medial thigh, stifle, leg, tarsus, and remainder of paw

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11
Q

An animal comes in and is unable to extend the stifle and bare weight, and you notice that they have no sensation when you pinch the medial aspect of the thigh, leg and paw. Which nerve is damaged?

A

Femoral nerve

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12
Q

What is the action of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Adductors of the pelvic limb

Lateral rotation of the hip

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13
Q

Which muscles are responsible for laterally rotating the hip?

A

External obturator muscle

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14
Q

Which muscles are considered adductors of the pelvic limb?

A

Gracilis muscle
Adductor muscle
Pectineus muscle

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15
Q

Which arteries supply the adductors of the pelvic limb and lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Deep femoral artery

Caudal femoral arteries

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16
Q

Which nerve is said to cause “Downer’s Syndrome” and is compressed during parturition?

A

Obturator nerve

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17
Q

An animal comes into the clinic and is unable to adduct their affected limb. When the animal walks on the slippery floors you notice their legs splitting to the side. What nerve is damaged?

A

Obturator nerve

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18
Q

What is the action of the caudal thigh muscles, and which muscles are responsible for this action?

A

Flexors of the stifle: Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus muscles

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19
Q

Which arteries supply the flexors of the stifle?

A

Deep femoral artery
Caudal gluteal artery
Caudal femoral arteries

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20
Q

What nerve will be damaged if there is compression due to intrapelvic pressure, dorsocranial hip luxations, trauma, or innappropriate surgical approaches?

A

Sciatic nerve

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21
Q

What are the consequences to paralysis of the caudal thigh muscles and all the muscles distal to the tarsal joints?

A

Tarsus is unstable

Unable to flex the stifle

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22
Q

What is the action of the cranial muscles of the crus and what are the associated muscles?

A
  • Flexors of the tarsus: cranial tibial, peroneus longus, and perineus tertius (equine) muscles
  • Extensors of the digits: long digital extensor muscle
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23
Q

What is the artery that supplies the flexors of the tarsus and extensors of the digits?

A

Cranial Tibial artery

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24
Q

A dog comes into the clinic and is unable to straighten the tarsus and is knuckling over onto the dorsal surface of the digits. When you pinch the the cranial part of the crus and dorsal part of the pes you notice that there is no sense of sensation. Which nerve is damaged?

A

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

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25
Q

Knuckling at the fetlock and dragging of the horse hoof due to loss of motor muscle to the craniolateral crus are consequences of which nerve being damaged?

A

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

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26
Q

Which nerve can be targeted fro injection when it passes superficially across the lateral aspect of the stifle?

A

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

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27
Q

The common peroneal nerve is a branch off of ____.

A

Sciatic nerve

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28
Q

Hyperflexion of the tarsus and overextension of the digits is due to what nerve being damaged?

A

Tibial nerve

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29
Q

Where does an animal loose sensation if the tibial nerve is damaged?

A

The caudal part of the crus and plantar surface of the pes

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30
Q

What is the action of the caudal muscle of the crus, and which muscles are associated with their actions?

A
  • Flexors of the stifle: Popliteus, and Gastrocnemius muscle
  • Extensors of the tarsus: Gastrocnemius muscle
  • Flexors of the digits: SDF and DDF
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31
Q

Which arteries supply the flexors of the stifle, extensors of the tarsus, and flexors of the digits?

A

Popliteal artery

Distal caudal femoral artery

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32
Q

An animal comes into the clinic with the inability to extend or flex the pelvic limb distal to the stifle and they lack sensory innervation to the distal part of the limb. What is damaged?

A

Common peroneal and tibial nerves

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33
Q

What arteries supply the dorsal surface of the paw?

A

Saphenous artery

Dorsal pedal artery

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34
Q

Which arteries supply the plantar surface of the paw?

A

Saphenous artery

Dorsal pedal artery

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35
Q

True/False. The tibial nerve innervates the dorsal surface of the paw, and the superficial and deep branches of the common peroneal nerve innervate the plantar surface of the paw.

A

False. The tibial innervates the plantar surface and the Common peroneal innervates the dorsal surface

36
Q

Which nerve is autonomous to the dorsal pes and is autonomous the joints of the tarsus and digits?

A

Superficial and deep branches of the common peroneal nerve

37
Q

Which nerve is autonomous to the plantar surface of the pes and is also autonomous to the joints of the tarsus and digits

A

Tibial nerve

38
Q

Which artery supplies the dorsal tarsus of the equine limb? Which nerve innervates it?

A

Dorsal pedal artery

Superficial and deep branch of the common peroneal nerve

39
Q

Which artery supplies the plantar tarsus of equine?

A

Caudal tibial arterty

40
Q

Which nerves are going to innervate the plantar tarsus in equine?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar nerves

41
Q

Which nerves are branches of the tibial nerve at the level of the tarsus in equine?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar nerves

42
Q

What is going to supply the dorsal metatarsal and dorsal fetlock of equine?

A

Branches of the great metatarsal artery

Medial and Lateral plantar digital arteries

43
Q

What innervates the dorsal metatarsal and dorsal fetlock of equine?

A

Superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve

Medial and Lateral dorsal metatarsal nerves

44
Q

What is the arterial supply of the plantar metatarsus in equine?

A

Great metatarsal artery

45
Q

The ___ and ___ are nerves that innervate the plantar metatarsus and branch off the Tibial nerve in equine.

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar nerves

Medial and Lateral plantar metatarsal nerves

46
Q

True/False. The medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves are abaxial to the equine splint bones.

A

False. They are axial to the splint bones

47
Q

Where does the collateral circulation come from in the plantar aspect of the equine pelvic limb?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar Metatarsal arteries

Medial and Lateral Plantar arteries

48
Q

Which nerve runs along the great metatarsal artery?

A

Lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve

49
Q

What is the arterial supply to the fetlock and digit of the equine distal limb?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar digital arteries

50
Q

How many nerves innervate the fetlock of the equine distal limb?

A

6

51
Q

What are the six nerves that innervate the fetlock of the equine distal limb?

A

Med./ Lat. Plantar nerves
Med. / Lat. Dorsal Metatarsal nerves
Med./ Lat. Plantar Metatarsal nerves

52
Q

Which nerves innervate the digit of the equine distal limb?

A

Med./ Lat. Plantar digital nerves

53
Q

What is the major blood supply of the equine pelvic limb?

A

femoral a. –> popliteal a. –> cranial tibial a. –> dorsal pedal a. –> great metatarsal a. –> medial and lateral plantar digital arteries

54
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the striated musculature of the perineum like the external anal sphincter, external urethral sphincter, levator ani muscle, and coccygeus muscle?

A

Pudendal nerve

55
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation the skin of the inguinal region, spermatic fascia, scrotum, and prepuce?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

56
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the cranial tibial muscle, peroneus longus and long digital extensor muscle?

A

Common peroneal nerve

57
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the pectineus, gracilis, and adductor muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

58
Q

Which nerve is going to provide motor innervation to the quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliopsoas muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

59
Q

Which muscles does the sciatic nerve provide motor innervation for?

A

Internal obturator muscle
Gemelli muscle
Quadratus femoris muscle
Hamstring muscle

60
Q

What muscles is the common peroneal nerve going to provide motor innervation to?

A

Cranial tibial muscle
Peroneus longus muscle
Long digital extensor muscle

61
Q

Which muscles does the tibial nerve provide motor innervation to?

A 
Gastrocnemius msucle
Popliteus muscle 
SDF
DDF
Interosseus muscles
62
Q

What muscles receive motor innervation from the superficial and deep branch of the common peroneal nerves?

A

Digital extensor muscles

63
Q

Which nerves are blocked to help diagnose proximal suspensory desmitis?

A

Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

64
Q

Which nerve runs next to the great metatarsal artery?

A

Lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve

65
Q

Running along with ____ you can find the deep peroneal nerve.

A

Cranial tibial artery

66
Q

True/False. Both the medial and lateral plantar metatarsal artery and nerve run along the splint bones.

A

True

67
Q

What is the saphenous vein a branch off of?

A

Femoral vein

68
Q

Which vein is more likely to experience blood spavin due to bog spavin or a swelling of the joint capsule?

A

Cranial branch of the medial saphenous vein

69
Q

Which vein is palpable at the medial metatarsus?

A

Dorsal common digital vein II

70
Q

What is the terminating branch of the deep femoral artery that passes through the vascular lacuna and arborizes in the adductor muscle?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

71
Q

Which artery is a branch off the femoral artery and supplies the medial aspect of the stifle and the stifle joint?

A

Descending genicular

72
Q

The caudal gluteal artery and nerve supplies _____ and the cranial gluteal artery and nerve supplies ____.

A 
Caudal = superficial gluteal muscle
Cranial = deep and middle gluteal muscle
73
Q

Which nerves provide innervation to the stifle?

A

Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve
Saphenous nerve

74
Q

Which nerves provide innervation to the tarsus and digits?

A

Common peroneal nerve

Tibial nerve

75
Q

Which nerves are part of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

Cranial and Caudal gluteal nerve
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve

76
Q

Which vein is most common for venipuncture and catheter placement in a cat?

A

Medial saphenous vein

77
Q

Which vein is most common for venipuncture and catheter placement in the dog?

A

Cranial branch of the Lateral saphenous vein

78
Q

What structures pass through the vascular lacuna?

A

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Medial circumflex femoral artery and vein

79
Q

What is the first branch off the femoral artery on the medial aspect?

A

Superificial circumflex iliac artery

80
Q

Which artery supplies the coxofemoral joint and is the caudal branch off the femoral artery?

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

81
Q

Which artery is located at the level of the tarsus and is important for arterial catheter placement?

A

Dorsal pedal artery

82
Q

Which artery can be palpated for a pulse?

A

Dorsal pedal artery

83
Q

Which artery would you use to take a pulse in the metatarsus of equine?

A

great metatarsal artery

84
Q

Which artery is found between the medial and lateral sesamoidean bones and can be used to get a digital pulse?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar Digital arteries

85
Q

Which arteries does the pudendoepigastric trunk give rise to?

A

External pudednal artery

Caudal epigastric artery

86
Q

The common peroneal nerve gives off the lateral cutaneous sural nerve, which has a cutaneous zone on the ____ surface of the crus.

A

Lateral

87
Q

The tibial nerve gives off the caudal cutaneous sural nerve, which has a cutaneous zone on the ____ surface of the crus.

A

Caudal

RUSVM Anatomy II (10 decks)

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